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<p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are emerging contaminants posing potential risks to both ecosystems and human health. As a key pathway for material cycling and energy transfer, the role of the food chain in the bioaccumulation of PFASs remains insufficiently understood. This study investigated the bioaccumulatio<i>n</i> of three legacy and one PFAS alternative by constructing an aquatic food chain comprising Atyoidae, zebrafish, and Oscar fish under two distinct short-term exposure scenarios. The results showed that in both scenarios, PFUnDA dominated among the organisms, accounting for up to 93.52%; additionally, ∑PFASs peaked in the kidneys of Oscar fish at levels reaching up to 6.00 × 10<sup>4</sup> ng/g dw. The uptake rate constants for PFASs decreased in the order: PFUnDA &gt; PFDA &gt; PFOA &gt; 6:2 FTS. In conditions involving predation compared to isolated 10-day water exposure, legacy PFASs (PFOA, PFDA, and PFUnDA) exhibited higher Log BCF values in zebrafish on day ten—showing increases of 6.21%, 1.21%, and 3.73% respectively. All Log BCFs for the four PFASs were below 3.7, but PFUnDA exhibited a high Log BCF approaching this threshold at 3.61 within 10 days, suggesting its short-term bioaccumulation potential warrants particular attention. Conversely, the behavior of the PFAS alternative (6:2 FTS) did not entirely align with that of the legacy compounds; notably evidenced by its decreasing trend in Log BCFs within Oscar fish tissues. A strong positive correlation between logarithmic concentration (Log C) and octanol-water partition coefficient (Log <i>K</i><sub>ow</sub>) (R²&gt;0.9) suggested that increased hydrophobicity may promote the accumulation of PFASs. Besides, biomagnification of PFASs was observed throughout the food chain from Atyoidae to zebrafish with BMFs exceeding 1. In contrast, during trophic transfer from zebrafish to Oscar fish, biomagnification was only evident in the intestine, kidney, liver, and heart of the Oscar fish. The predation interactions between lower and higher trophic levels led to comparable bioaccumulation patterns. Overall, these findings contribute to a better understanding of the biogeochemical behavior of PFASs in aquatic ecosystems.</p>

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A Comparative Study on Bioaccumulation Characteristics of Legacy Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) and Related Alternatives in a Simulated Aquatic Food Chain

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月27日

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  • Xue ZHOU,
  • Kaixin XIA,
  • Shuwei YANG,
  • Limei WANG,
  • Hengyu WANG,
  • Zihan SU,
  • Shiqiang WEI,
  • Mingjing HE

摘要

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are emerging contaminants posing potential risks to both ecosystems and human health. As a key pathway for material cycling and energy transfer, the role of the food chain in the bioaccumulation of PFASs remains insufficiently understood. This study investigated the bioaccumulation of three legacy and one PFAS alternative by constructing an aquatic food chain comprising Atyoidae, zebrafish, and Oscar fish under two distinct short-term exposure scenarios. The results showed that in both scenarios, PFUnDA dominated among the organisms, accounting for up to 93.52%; additionally, ∑PFASs peaked in the kidneys of Oscar fish at levels reaching up to 6.00 × 104 ng/g dw. The uptake rate constants for PFASs decreased in the order: PFUnDA > PFDA > PFOA > 6:2 FTS. In conditions involving predation compared to isolated 10-day water exposure, legacy PFASs (PFOA, PFDA, and PFUnDA) exhibited higher Log BCF values in zebrafish on day ten—showing increases of 6.21%, 1.21%, and 3.73% respectively. All Log BCFs for the four PFASs were below 3.7, but PFUnDA exhibited a high Log BCF approaching this threshold at 3.61 within 10 days, suggesting its short-term bioaccumulation potential warrants particular attention. Conversely, the behavior of the PFAS alternative (6:2 FTS) did not entirely align with that of the legacy compounds; notably evidenced by its decreasing trend in Log BCFs within Oscar fish tissues. A strong positive correlation between logarithmic concentration (Log C) and octanol-water partition coefficient (Log Kow) (R²>0.9) suggested that increased hydrophobicity may promote the accumulation of PFASs. Besides, biomagnification of PFASs was observed throughout the food chain from Atyoidae to zebrafish with BMFs exceeding 1. In contrast, during trophic transfer from zebrafish to Oscar fish, biomagnification was only evident in the intestine, kidney, liver, and heart of the Oscar fish. The predation interactions between lower and higher trophic levels led to comparable bioaccumulation patterns. Overall, these findings contribute to a better understanding of the biogeochemical behavior of PFASs in aquatic ecosystems.