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<p>A detailed and comprehensive study was conducted to assess the tolerance capacity of ten dominant herbaceous species in metal-contaminated urban and suburban land uses of Varanasi city. The responses of naturally growing species to multi-metal contamination, specifically Zn, Mn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Co, Cr, and Cd, in relation to plant biochemical and growth responses, were assessed compared to a reference site (showing minimal metal contamination). The levels of various metals in plant parts exceeded the permissible ranges in most of the species at the contaminated sites compared to the reference site. The assessed biochemical and growth parameters reflected significant variations in the antioxidant defense system, notably the downregulation of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduction in biomass partitioning (root-shoot ratio), plant height and photosynthetic leaf surface area. In contrast, enhancement in reactive oxygen species production, contents of proline and total phenolics, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities, and growth in terms of the number of leaves and branches were recorded at the contaminated sites. Redundancy analysis further confirmed the negative correlation between metal concentrations and varied morpho-physiological parameters. Based on the total oxidative stress potential and cumulative stress response index, <i>Dicanthium annulatum</i> (Forssk.) Stapf, <i>Croton bonplandianus</i> Baill., and <i>Cyanodon dactylon</i> L. exhibited high metal-tolerance capacity, whereas <i>Cyperus rotundus</i> L., and <i>Commelina benghalensis</i> L. displayed sensitivity. It was also established that the physiological tolerance and growth pattern in different plants under metal stress were species-specific. The study is useful in distinguishing marker parameters and identifying the tolerant species for the remediation of metal-contaminated areas.</p>

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Deciphering the differential response of naturally growing species to metal-induced stress across various land uses

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月18日

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  • Srishti Mishra,
  • Shashi Bhushan Agrawal,
  • Madhoolika Agrawal

摘要

A detailed and comprehensive study was conducted to assess the tolerance capacity of ten dominant herbaceous species in metal-contaminated urban and suburban land uses of Varanasi city. The responses of naturally growing species to multi-metal contamination, specifically Zn, Mn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Co, Cr, and Cd, in relation to plant biochemical and growth responses, were assessed compared to a reference site (showing minimal metal contamination). The levels of various metals in plant parts exceeded the permissible ranges in most of the species at the contaminated sites compared to the reference site. The assessed biochemical and growth parameters reflected significant variations in the antioxidant defense system, notably the downregulation of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduction in biomass partitioning (root-shoot ratio), plant height and photosynthetic leaf surface area. In contrast, enhancement in reactive oxygen species production, contents of proline and total phenolics, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities, and growth in terms of the number of leaves and branches were recorded at the contaminated sites. Redundancy analysis further confirmed the negative correlation between metal concentrations and varied morpho-physiological parameters. Based on the total oxidative stress potential and cumulative stress response index, Dicanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf, Croton bonplandianus Baill., and Cyanodon dactylon L. exhibited high metal-tolerance capacity, whereas Cyperus rotundus L., and Commelina benghalensis L. displayed sensitivity. It was also established that the physiological tolerance and growth pattern in different plants under metal stress were species-specific. The study is useful in distinguishing marker parameters and identifying the tolerant species for the remediation of metal-contaminated areas.