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<p>Agricultural expansion and pesticide use pose significant threats to wildlife. Reptiles are often overlooked in ecotoxicological studies despite their ecological importance. This study assessed the biochemical responses in the side-blotched lizard (<i>Uta stansburiana</i>) by analyzing tail tissue across three agricultural sites (C1: agave and citrus crops, C2: corn and alfalfa, C3: vegetables) and a reference site in La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Soil samples were analyzed for organochlorine pesticide concentrations. A total of 15 individuals per site were captured (55 adults and 5 juveniles). Morphometric parameters showed that adult males and females from C2 were significantly larger and heavier than those from C1 and C3, and body condition index (BCI) was significantly higher in adult males from C2. Tail tissue was used to measure glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, superoxide anion (O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup>) production rate, and protein carbonyl concentrations. Results revealed the presence of the <i>pp</i>’-DDT metabolite <i>pp’-</i>DDE in an agricultural site (C1), indicating historical contamination. GST activity was significantly higher in the agricultural areas compared to the reference site, suggesting a detoxification response. No significant differences were found in AChE activity or O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup> production rate between sites. Protein carbonyl levels were higher in males than in females, reflecting sex-specific oxidative damage. This study supports the utility of tail tissue as a minimally invasive method, emphasizes the importance of considering sex-specific responses in ecotoxicology, and highlights the need for improved pesticide monitoring and regulation in agricultural landscapes.</p>

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Biochemical responses in tail tissue of the insectivorous lizard Uta stansburiana in agricultural areas

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • Miranda C. Villa-Muñoz ,
  • M. Carmen Blázquez-Moreno,
  • María M. Meza-Montenegro ,
  • Rafael A. Lara-Reséndiz ,
  • Alfredo Ortega-Rubio ,
  • Tania Zenteno-Savín

摘要

Agricultural expansion and pesticide use pose significant threats to wildlife. Reptiles are often overlooked in ecotoxicological studies despite their ecological importance. This study assessed the biochemical responses in the side-blotched lizard (Uta stansburiana) by analyzing tail tissue across three agricultural sites (C1: agave and citrus crops, C2: corn and alfalfa, C3: vegetables) and a reference site in La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Soil samples were analyzed for organochlorine pesticide concentrations. A total of 15 individuals per site were captured (55 adults and 5 juveniles). Morphometric parameters showed that adult males and females from C2 were significantly larger and heavier than those from C1 and C3, and body condition index (BCI) was significantly higher in adult males from C2. Tail tissue was used to measure glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, superoxide anion (O2•−) production rate, and protein carbonyl concentrations. Results revealed the presence of the pp’-DDT metabolite pp’-DDE in an agricultural site (C1), indicating historical contamination. GST activity was significantly higher in the agricultural areas compared to the reference site, suggesting a detoxification response. No significant differences were found in AChE activity or O2•− production rate between sites. Protein carbonyl levels were higher in males than in females, reflecting sex-specific oxidative damage. This study supports the utility of tail tissue as a minimally invasive method, emphasizes the importance of considering sex-specific responses in ecotoxicology, and highlights the need for improved pesticide monitoring and regulation in agricultural landscapes.