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<p>Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) tend to bioaccumulate in freshwater environments, making them major hazards to environmental health. This study aimed to determine the content of the heavy metals cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in field sediment, water, and tissues of the edible river snail <i>Filopaludina martensi</i> (Frauenfeld, 1864). Pearson correlation coefficients (r), permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), and Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that heavy metals and snail populations were significantly affected by seasonal variations (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The upstream section showed healthier conditions than the midstream section, owing to the impact of anthropogenic activities. The wet season recorded the highest cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in all samples. The sediment samples contained the highest cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations, followed by the snail and water samples (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The heavy metal concentrations in the sediment and snail samples displayed a strong correlation (PCA; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Importantly, lead (Pb) concentrations in the snail samples were found to be higher than the recommended threshold, indicating that these snails should be consumed with extreme caution. Both cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) caused damage to the snail digestive glands, which may have led to DNA damage. These findings indicate that <i>F. martensi</i> is a reliable bioindicator of the ecological integrity of the Mae Kha Canal. Evidence of biological degradation and metal contamination in the canal emphasizes the importance of using these snails to monitor pollution and guide management efforts for ecosystem and public health.</p>

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Integrated assessment of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) contamination: bioaccumulation in the river snail Filopaludina martensi (Frauenfeld, 1864), sediment, and water from the Mae Kha Canal, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月9日

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  • Thanapit Chatchakit,
  • Nattawadee Nantarat

摘要

Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) tend to bioaccumulate in freshwater environments, making them major hazards to environmental health. This study aimed to determine the content of the heavy metals cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in field sediment, water, and tissues of the edible river snail Filopaludina martensi (Frauenfeld, 1864). Pearson correlation coefficients (r), permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), and Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that heavy metals and snail populations were significantly affected by seasonal variations (p < 0.05). The upstream section showed healthier conditions than the midstream section, owing to the impact of anthropogenic activities. The wet season recorded the highest cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations (p < 0.05) in all samples. The sediment samples contained the highest cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations, followed by the snail and water samples (p < 0.05). The heavy metal concentrations in the sediment and snail samples displayed a strong correlation (PCA; p < 0.05). Importantly, lead (Pb) concentrations in the snail samples were found to be higher than the recommended threshold, indicating that these snails should be consumed with extreme caution. Both cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) caused damage to the snail digestive glands, which may have led to DNA damage. These findings indicate that F. martensi is a reliable bioindicator of the ecological integrity of the Mae Kha Canal. Evidence of biological degradation and metal contamination in the canal emphasizes the importance of using these snails to monitor pollution and guide management efforts for ecosystem and public health.