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<p>Given the widespread use and environmental persistence of Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCH), understanding its sublethal effects on non-target aquatic species is essential. In this study, we first determined the acute toxicity (96&#xa0;h-LC₅₀) of LCH in the freshwater mussel <i>Unio terminalis</i> to select appropriate sublethal concentrations for chronic exposure trials. Mussels were subsequently exposed to 0.11&#xa0;mg/L and 0.22&#xa0;mg/L of LCH over three durations (48&#xa0;h, 7 days, and 21 days). A range of biomarkers was assessed, including antioxidant enzymes—superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)—as well as total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidative status (TOS), and total hemocyte counts (THCs). Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) scores were calculated to evaluate the combined physiological stress across tissues. Results showed that LCH induced significant oxidative stress, evidenced by elevated TOS and GPx activity, and suppression of SOD and CAT, especially in gill tissues. THCs decreased consistently across exposure durations, suggesting immune suppression. Histopathological analysis revealed degenerative changes in both gill and digestive gland tissues. IBR scores confirmed dose- and tissue-specific biomarker responses, with the gills showing higher sensitivity. These findings underscore the ecological risk posed by LCH in freshwater environments and highlight the relevance of integrated biomarker approaches in aquatic ecotoxicology.</p>

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Integrated biomarker response for assessment of the toxicity of the synthetic pyrethroid Lambda-cyhalothrin on freshwater mussels (Unio terminalis bourguignat, 1852)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月17日

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  • Donald Romaric Yehouenou Tessi,
  • Pınar Arslan Yüce,
  • Göktuğ Gül,
  • Aylin Sepici Dinçel,
  • Aysel Çağlan Günal

摘要

Given the widespread use and environmental persistence of Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCH), understanding its sublethal effects on non-target aquatic species is essential. In this study, we first determined the acute toxicity (96 h-LC₅₀) of LCH in the freshwater mussel Unio terminalis to select appropriate sublethal concentrations for chronic exposure trials. Mussels were subsequently exposed to 0.11 mg/L and 0.22 mg/L of LCH over three durations (48 h, 7 days, and 21 days). A range of biomarkers was assessed, including antioxidant enzymes—superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)—as well as total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidative status (TOS), and total hemocyte counts (THCs). Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) scores were calculated to evaluate the combined physiological stress across tissues. Results showed that LCH induced significant oxidative stress, evidenced by elevated TOS and GPx activity, and suppression of SOD and CAT, especially in gill tissues. THCs decreased consistently across exposure durations, suggesting immune suppression. Histopathological analysis revealed degenerative changes in both gill and digestive gland tissues. IBR scores confirmed dose- and tissue-specific biomarker responses, with the gills showing higher sensitivity. These findings underscore the ecological risk posed by LCH in freshwater environments and highlight the relevance of integrated biomarker approaches in aquatic ecotoxicology.