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<p>This study investigated the alignment between universal childcare policy supply and family demand for infants aged 0–3 years in China. Through textual analysis of 30 policy documents and parent needs surveys (<i>N</i> = 516), we developed a supply-demand matching model that examined six service dimensions. Regional disparities were quantified using a coupling coordination method. Results indicated that the supply and demand for facilitation services across city, town, and rural areas were generally stable, with national efforts to equalize public services narrowing the city-rural gap. City areas experienced significant mismatches in nursing and educational activities. In contrast, town and rural areas showed better alignment, due to lower parental expectations. Family-nursery interaction was well-matched across all areas, reflecting the importance of communication between childcare providers and parents. Despite high supply levels, city areas achieved better matching in childcare center management, while rural regions faced limitations. Teacher professionalism remained mismatches in both city and rural settings. Additionally, city and town areas exhibited mismatches in environment and facilities, while rural areas provided more basic services. The study recommended that policymakers, practitioners, and researchers develop more effective and evidence-based universal childcare policies to alleviate parenting pressures. Limitations included the limited scope of the sample, and the dynamic nature of the policy environment and the evolving needs of families required long-term tracking and validation. Future research should expand sample diversity and integrate multi-source data to enhance the depth of the analysis.</p>

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Study on the Supply and Demand Matching of Universal Childcare Services Policies in China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月29日

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  • Huanhuan Li,
  • Qiaoke Kuang,
  • Mengzhen Luo,
  • Bingyu Duan,
  • Yifang Wang,
  • Mingci Chen,
  • Zhenglu Wang

摘要

This study investigated the alignment between universal childcare policy supply and family demand for infants aged 0–3 years in China. Through textual analysis of 30 policy documents and parent needs surveys (N = 516), we developed a supply-demand matching model that examined six service dimensions. Regional disparities were quantified using a coupling coordination method. Results indicated that the supply and demand for facilitation services across city, town, and rural areas were generally stable, with national efforts to equalize public services narrowing the city-rural gap. City areas experienced significant mismatches in nursing and educational activities. In contrast, town and rural areas showed better alignment, due to lower parental expectations. Family-nursery interaction was well-matched across all areas, reflecting the importance of communication between childcare providers and parents. Despite high supply levels, city areas achieved better matching in childcare center management, while rural regions faced limitations. Teacher professionalism remained mismatches in both city and rural settings. Additionally, city and town areas exhibited mismatches in environment and facilities, while rural areas provided more basic services. The study recommended that policymakers, practitioners, and researchers develop more effective and evidence-based universal childcare policies to alleviate parenting pressures. Limitations included the limited scope of the sample, and the dynamic nature of the policy environment and the evolving needs of families required long-term tracking and validation. Future research should expand sample diversity and integrate multi-source data to enhance the depth of the analysis.