<p>Interspecific scraping behaviors among large marine vertebrates may serve as an important mechanism for ectoparasite removal. Here, we present the first documented observations of shark–manta scraping interactions, which occurred in the Revillagigedo Archipelago, a remote marine protected area in the eastern tropical Pacific. Opportunistic video footage was collected at two dive sites between December 2024 and February 2025, capturing three discrete events in which Galapagos sharks (<i>Carcharhinus galapagensis</i>) initiated contact with three different oceanic manta rays (<i>Mobula birostris</i>). Video recordings were analyzed using focal-animal sampling, wherein individual sharks were observed continuously during manta ray encounters, and all contact behaviors were systematically recorded. Sharks scraped against mainly the ventral surfaces of mantas using their heads, gill regions, and lateral areas associated with high ectoparasite load. Manta responses ranged from passive tolerance to active evasion, with the strongest reactions observed in response to the adult Galapagos shark. Scraping rates varied by site and shark size. These interactions occurred at or near established cleaning stations, suggesting that sharks may opportunistically use manta as alternative cleaning substrates. While this may indicate behavioral plasticity among sharks, it raises concern about potential costs to mantas, particularly if some ectoparasites or pathogens are transferred. Our findings highlight the complexity of shifting ecological interactions among marine megafauna and underscore the importance of understanding behavioral responses to disruption for manta rays.</p>

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Scraping the surface: first records of cleaning associations between sharks and oceanic manta rays

  • Jane Vinesky,
  • James T. Ketchum,
  • Mauricio Hoyos

摘要

Interspecific scraping behaviors among large marine vertebrates may serve as an important mechanism for ectoparasite removal. Here, we present the first documented observations of shark–manta scraping interactions, which occurred in the Revillagigedo Archipelago, a remote marine protected area in the eastern tropical Pacific. Opportunistic video footage was collected at two dive sites between December 2024 and February 2025, capturing three discrete events in which Galapagos sharks (Carcharhinus galapagensis) initiated contact with three different oceanic manta rays (Mobula birostris). Video recordings were analyzed using focal-animal sampling, wherein individual sharks were observed continuously during manta ray encounters, and all contact behaviors were systematically recorded. Sharks scraped against mainly the ventral surfaces of mantas using their heads, gill regions, and lateral areas associated with high ectoparasite load. Manta responses ranged from passive tolerance to active evasion, with the strongest reactions observed in response to the adult Galapagos shark. Scraping rates varied by site and shark size. These interactions occurred at or near established cleaning stations, suggesting that sharks may opportunistically use manta as alternative cleaning substrates. While this may indicate behavioral plasticity among sharks, it raises concern about potential costs to mantas, particularly if some ectoparasites or pathogens are transferred. Our findings highlight the complexity of shifting ecological interactions among marine megafauna and underscore the importance of understanding behavioral responses to disruption for manta rays.