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<p>The bluefish <i>Pomatomus saltatrix</i> is a marine fish species that uses coastal waters in mainly subtropical and warm-temperate regions of all oceans. It occurs off both rocky and sandy shores, and frequents both turbulent and low energy surf zones. Pelagic spawning during spring and early summer occurs in mainly offshore shelf areas, with the eggs and larvae drifting in surface marine waters before the early juveniles are attracted to inshore coastal habitats, including estuaries. This species is a voracious piscivore, especially of midwater shoaling fish species, e.g. Clupeidae, Engraulidae and Atherinidae. It is fast swimming with a terminal mouth filled with a single series of sharp replaceable cutting teeth, ideal features for effective predatory attacks on pelagic shoals of fishes. Growth of the 0+ juveniles is very rapid, up to 5&#xa0;cm per month during summer, with 50% sexual maturity occurring at 24–25&#xa0;cm TL when &lt; 2&#xa0;years in age. Confirmed maximum longevity is approximately 12–13&#xa0;years, maximum total length is 115&#xa0;cm and maximum weight is 12.3&#xa0;kg. Seasonal migrations along coastlines often include movements towards lower latitudes during winter and higher latitudes in summer. Inshore-offshore movements also occur, particularly during the spawning season. Indications are that this species is moderately eurythermal and euryhaline in both warm-temperate and subtropical bioregions. The active foraging and shoaling behaviour of <i>P. saltatrix</i> makes it particularly vulnerable to line fishing by recreational, artisanal and commercial fishers, and this previously abundant species is currently classified as belonging in the Vulnerable (VU) category on the IUCN Red List due to major population declines in certain regions.</p>

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Review of the biology and ecology of the bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus, 1766), an important global species in temperate and subtropical coastal waters

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月25日

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  • Alan K. Whitfield

摘要

The bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix is a marine fish species that uses coastal waters in mainly subtropical and warm-temperate regions of all oceans. It occurs off both rocky and sandy shores, and frequents both turbulent and low energy surf zones. Pelagic spawning during spring and early summer occurs in mainly offshore shelf areas, with the eggs and larvae drifting in surface marine waters before the early juveniles are attracted to inshore coastal habitats, including estuaries. This species is a voracious piscivore, especially of midwater shoaling fish species, e.g. Clupeidae, Engraulidae and Atherinidae. It is fast swimming with a terminal mouth filled with a single series of sharp replaceable cutting teeth, ideal features for effective predatory attacks on pelagic shoals of fishes. Growth of the 0+ juveniles is very rapid, up to 5 cm per month during summer, with 50% sexual maturity occurring at 24–25 cm TL when < 2 years in age. Confirmed maximum longevity is approximately 12–13 years, maximum total length is 115 cm and maximum weight is 12.3 kg. Seasonal migrations along coastlines often include movements towards lower latitudes during winter and higher latitudes in summer. Inshore-offshore movements also occur, particularly during the spawning season. Indications are that this species is moderately eurythermal and euryhaline in both warm-temperate and subtropical bioregions. The active foraging and shoaling behaviour of P. saltatrix makes it particularly vulnerable to line fishing by recreational, artisanal and commercial fishers, and this previously abundant species is currently classified as belonging in the Vulnerable (VU) category on the IUCN Red List due to major population declines in certain regions.