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<p>Sand lances (<i>Ammodytes</i> spp.) are key forage fishes in temperate to polar waters across the northern hemisphere, where Arctic sea ice has historically separated Arcto-Pacific from Arcto-Atlantic congeners. This genetic barrier is rapidly weakening due to climate change, potentially allowing dispersal and migration beyond former species boundaries. We used whole-genome sequencing to identify samples of <i>Ammodytes</i> spp. larvae (<i>n</i> = 58) caught 2010–2018 across the Hudson Bay System, Canada (HBS), asking whether they already contained any genomic signs of Pacific introgression. We called single-nucleotide polymorphisms across the entire genome and compared them to those of previously identified Atlantic (<i>A. dubius</i>, <i>A. americanus</i>) and Pacific (<i>A. personatus</i>) sand lance species. All samples clustered with <i>A. dubius</i> (Northern sand lance), thus yielding no evidence of any Pacific introgression, but novel genetic confirmation that <i>A. dubius</i> is the <i>Ammodytes</i> species inhabiting the HBS. In addition, we found that HBS <i>A. dubius</i> specifically belonged to the northern genotype of the species, which appears to form a genetically cohesive aggregation across thousands of square kilometers in the Northwest Atlantic.</p>

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Molecular identification of larval sand lance (Ammodytes spp.) caught in the Hudson Bay System 2010–2018

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月25日

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  • Lucas F. Jones,
  • Sarah Schembri,
  • Caroline Bouchard,
  • Hannes Baumann

摘要

Sand lances (Ammodytes spp.) are key forage fishes in temperate to polar waters across the northern hemisphere, where Arctic sea ice has historically separated Arcto-Pacific from Arcto-Atlantic congeners. This genetic barrier is rapidly weakening due to climate change, potentially allowing dispersal and migration beyond former species boundaries. We used whole-genome sequencing to identify samples of Ammodytes spp. larvae (n = 58) caught 2010–2018 across the Hudson Bay System, Canada (HBS), asking whether they already contained any genomic signs of Pacific introgression. We called single-nucleotide polymorphisms across the entire genome and compared them to those of previously identified Atlantic (A. dubius, A. americanus) and Pacific (A. personatus) sand lance species. All samples clustered with A. dubius (Northern sand lance), thus yielding no evidence of any Pacific introgression, but novel genetic confirmation that A. dubius is the Ammodytes species inhabiting the HBS. In addition, we found that HBS A. dubius specifically belonged to the northern genotype of the species, which appears to form a genetically cohesive aggregation across thousands of square kilometers in the Northwest Atlantic.