<p>Let <i>G</i> be a primitive rank 3 permutation group acting on a set of size <i>v</i>. Binary codes of length <i>v</i> globally invariant under <i>G</i> are well-known to hold PBIBDs in their <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10623_2025_1647_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="24" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A_w\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mi>w</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> codewords of weight <i>w</i>. The parameters of these designs are <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10623_2025_1647_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="43" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="173" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\bigg (A_w,v,w,\frac{wA_w}{v},\lambda _1,\lambda _2\bigg ).\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow> <mo maxsize="2.047em" minsize="2.047em" stretchy="true">(</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mi>w</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>w</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>w</mi> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mi>w</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mi>v</mi> </mfrac> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo maxsize="2.047em" minsize="2.047em" stretchy="true">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> When <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10623_2025_1647_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="93" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lambda _1=\lambda _2=\lambda ,\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> the PBIBD becomes a 2-<InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10623_2025_1647_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="60" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((v,w,\lambda )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>w</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> design. We obtain computationally 111 such designs when <i>G</i> ranges over <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10623_2025_1647_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="229" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{L}_2(8){:}3, \textrm{U}_{4}(2), \textrm{U}_{3}(3){:}2, \textrm{A}_8, \textrm{S}_6(2),\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mtext>L</mtext> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>8</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>:</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mtext>U</mtext> <mn>4</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mtext>U</mtext> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>:</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mtext>A</mtext> <mn>8</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mtext>S</mtext> <mn>6</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10623_2025_1647_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="328" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{S}_{4}(4), \textrm{U}_{5}(2), \textrm{M}_{11}, \textrm{M}_{22}, \textrm{HS}, \textrm{G}_2(4), \textrm{S}_{8}(2),\textrm{O}^{+}_{10}(2),\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mtext>S</mtext> <mn>4</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mtext>U</mtext> <mn>5</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mtext>M</mtext> <mn>11</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mtext>M</mtext> <mn>22</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mtext>HS</mtext> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mtext>G</mtext> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mtext>S</mtext> <mn>8</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mn>10</mn> <mo>+</mo> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10623_2025_1647_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="47" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{O}^{-}_{10}(2)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mn>10</mn> <mo>-</mo> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in the notation of the Atlas. Included in the counting are 2-designs which are held by nonzero weight codewords of the binary adjacency codes of the triangular and square lattice graphs, respectively. The 2-designs in this paper can be obtained neither from Assmus–Mattson theorem, nor by the classical 2-tra nsitivity (or 2-homogeneity) argument of the automorphism group of the code. Further, the extensions of the codes that hold 2-designs sometimes hold 3-designs. We thus obtain nine self-complementary 3-designs on 16 (4), <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10623_2025_1647_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="44" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(28,\, 36\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>28</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mn>36</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> (2), <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10623_2025_1647_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="51" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\,56,\, 176\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mn>56</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mn>176</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> points respectively. The design on 176 points is invariant under the Higman–Sims group.</p>

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Primitive rank 3 groups, binary codes, and 3-designs

  • B. G. Rodrigues,
  • Patrick Solé

摘要

Let G be a primitive rank 3 permutation group acting on a set of size v. Binary codes of length v globally invariant under G are well-known to hold PBIBDs in their \(A_w\) A w codewords of weight w. The parameters of these designs are \(\bigg (A_w,v,w,\frac{wA_w}{v},\lambda _1,\lambda _2\bigg ).\) ( A w , v , w , w A w v , λ 1 , λ 2 ) . When \(\lambda _1=\lambda _2=\lambda ,\) λ 1 = λ 2 = λ , the PBIBD becomes a 2- \((v,w,\lambda )\) ( v , w , λ ) design. We obtain computationally 111 such designs when G ranges over \(\textrm{L}_2(8){:}3, \textrm{U}_{4}(2), \textrm{U}_{3}(3){:}2, \textrm{A}_8, \textrm{S}_6(2),\) L 2 ( 8 ) : 3 , U 4 ( 2 ) , U 3 ( 3 ) : 2 , A 8 , S 6 ( 2 ) , \(\textrm{S}_{4}(4), \textrm{U}_{5}(2), \textrm{M}_{11}, \textrm{M}_{22}, \textrm{HS}, \textrm{G}_2(4), \textrm{S}_{8}(2),\textrm{O}^{+}_{10}(2),\) S 4 ( 4 ) , U 5 ( 2 ) , M 11 , M 22 , HS , G 2 ( 4 ) , S 8 ( 2 ) , O 10 + ( 2 ) , and \(\textrm{O}^{-}_{10}(2)\) O 10 - ( 2 ) in the notation of the Atlas. Included in the counting are 2-designs which are held by nonzero weight codewords of the binary adjacency codes of the triangular and square lattice graphs, respectively. The 2-designs in this paper can be obtained neither from Assmus–Mattson theorem, nor by the classical 2-tra nsitivity (or 2-homogeneity) argument of the automorphism group of the code. Further, the extensions of the codes that hold 2-designs sometimes hold 3-designs. We thus obtain nine self-complementary 3-designs on 16 (4), \(28,\, 36\) 28 , 36 (2), \(\,56,\, 176\) 56 , 176 points respectively. The design on 176 points is invariant under the Higman–Sims group.