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Background <p>Postoperative infection is a major cause of delayed wound healing after anal fistula surgery. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) are key regulators of angiogenesis and tissue repair.</p> Methods <p>This retrospective study included 146 patients undergoing anal fistula surgery. Serum VEGF and VEGFR2 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, pathogenic bacteria were identified by wound culture, and recovery outcomes, including Wexner score and wound-healing status, were extracted from postoperative follow-up records. Receiver operating characteristic analysis evaluated the diagnostic value of VEGF and VEGFR2.</p> Results <p>Pathogenic bacterial infection was identified in 39 patients (26.7%). Compared with noninfected patients, infected patients showed significantly postoperative increases in VEGF and VEGFR2. On day 3, both biomarkers remained lower, and their combined analysis achieved the highest diagnostic accuracy. On day 3, serum VEGF and VEGFR2 levels were markedly lower in the infection group, while their combined analysis achieved the highest diagnostic accuracy. Patients with higher postoperative VEGF-VEGFR2 levels showed better recovery of anal sphincter function and faster wound healing.</p> Conclusion <p>Postoperative infection was associated with lower VEGF-VEGFR2 expression, suggesting an attenuated angiogenic response in infected patients. Combined evaluation of VEGF and VEGFR2 may provide an early indicator of infection risk and poor postoperative recovery after anal fistula surgery.</p>

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Changes of Serum VEGF, VEGFR2 and Their Relationship with Pathogenic Bacterial Infection, and Wound Healing in Patients After Anal Fistula Surgery

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月31日

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  • Zhijun Wu,
  • Kechao Wang,
  • Wenjing Xing,
  • Haiyan Sun

摘要

Background

Postoperative infection is a major cause of delayed wound healing after anal fistula surgery. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) are key regulators of angiogenesis and tissue repair.

Methods

This retrospective study included 146 patients undergoing anal fistula surgery. Serum VEGF and VEGFR2 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, pathogenic bacteria were identified by wound culture, and recovery outcomes, including Wexner score and wound-healing status, were extracted from postoperative follow-up records. Receiver operating characteristic analysis evaluated the diagnostic value of VEGF and VEGFR2.

Results

Pathogenic bacterial infection was identified in 39 patients (26.7%). Compared with noninfected patients, infected patients showed significantly postoperative increases in VEGF and VEGFR2. On day 3, both biomarkers remained lower, and their combined analysis achieved the highest diagnostic accuracy. On day 3, serum VEGF and VEGFR2 levels were markedly lower in the infection group, while their combined analysis achieved the highest diagnostic accuracy. Patients with higher postoperative VEGF-VEGFR2 levels showed better recovery of anal sphincter function and faster wound healing.

Conclusion

Postoperative infection was associated with lower VEGF-VEGFR2 expression, suggesting an attenuated angiogenic response in infected patients. Combined evaluation of VEGF and VEGFR2 may provide an early indicator of infection risk and poor postoperative recovery after anal fistula surgery.