<p>Vertical seismic profiling (VSP) is of great value for imaging complex structures, velocity model building, and reservoir characterization due to the advantages of a higher signal-to-noise ratio, wide frequency bandwidth, and high resolution near the borehole. However, in viscoacoustic media, wavefield propagation is affected by amplitude attenuation and velocity dispersion, and conventional imaging methods based on the lossless assumption cannot accurately recover high-frequency details and reflection coefficients. Meanwhile, the abundant primary and multiple waves contained in VSP data have not yet been fully exploited under viscoacoustic conditions, resulting in strong imaging crosstalk. To deal with this issue, we propose a full-wavefield (involving primary and internal multiples) VSP imaging method for viscoacoustic media (QVSPFWM). With the time-fractional viscoacoustic wave equation as the theoretical basis, a viscoacoustic one-way propagator is derived and incorporated into the full-wavefield migration framework. Numerical experiments on horizontal layered, overthrust, and Marmousi models demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively suppress imaging crosstalk, enhance interface continuity while recovering high-frequency details, and improve resolution under strong attenuation conditions. The proposed approach provides an efficient and robust solution for VSP imaging that combines primary and internal waves in viscoacoustic media, not only leveraging the superior signal-to-noise performance and wide frequency content of VSP but also integrating the illumination capability of multiple wavefields.</p>