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<p>Birds benefit from many <i>ex situ</i> research and conservation programs that are essential to integrated conservation strategies. The Palm Cockatoo <i>Probosciger aterrimus</i> (IUCN Near-threatened) is a species with an <i>ex situ</i> breeding program led by the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria. Its natural distribution is New Guinea and surrounding islands as well as the northern part of the Cape York Peninsula in Australia. A study based on partial mitochondrial sequences highlighted the existence of two distinct mitochondrial lineages (<i>P. a. aterrimus</i> and <i>P. a. goliath</i>) putatively delimited by the Weyland mountain range (western New Guinea). Implementing efficient <i>ex situ</i> conservation programs requires good knowledge of phylogeographic structure in order to preserve the genetic integrity of different lineages. We gathered genome re-sequencing data from 50 individuals that are part of the <i>ex situ</i> conservation program in order to assess the genome-wide differentiation and identify individuals that could be used to preserve the genetic diversity of the <i>ex situ</i> population. Our analyses confirmed the mitochondrial distinctiveness of the two lineages but also highlighted the presence of existing, yet limited, gene flow between <i>P. a. goliath</i> and <i>P. a. aterrimus</i>. We also discovered the existence of a new species-level lineage that is likely endemic to Yapen Island. The conservation status of this new species-level lineage is critical as the number of individuals held in the <i>ex situ</i> program (nine) suggests high <i>in natura</i> harvesting.</p>

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Genomic survey of the ex situ Palm Cockatoo (Probosciger aterrimus) population identifies an undiscovered species-level lineage endemic to Yapen Island

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • Henri Truchassout,
  • Hélène Bussière,
  • Baptiste Mulot,
  • Laetitia Latorre,
  • Eric Pasquet,
  • Jérôme Fuchs

摘要

Birds benefit from many ex situ research and conservation programs that are essential to integrated conservation strategies. The Palm Cockatoo Probosciger aterrimus (IUCN Near-threatened) is a species with an ex situ breeding program led by the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria. Its natural distribution is New Guinea and surrounding islands as well as the northern part of the Cape York Peninsula in Australia. A study based on partial mitochondrial sequences highlighted the existence of two distinct mitochondrial lineages (P. a. aterrimus and P. a. goliath) putatively delimited by the Weyland mountain range (western New Guinea). Implementing efficient ex situ conservation programs requires good knowledge of phylogeographic structure in order to preserve the genetic integrity of different lineages. We gathered genome re-sequencing data from 50 individuals that are part of the ex situ conservation program in order to assess the genome-wide differentiation and identify individuals that could be used to preserve the genetic diversity of the ex situ population. Our analyses confirmed the mitochondrial distinctiveness of the two lineages but also highlighted the presence of existing, yet limited, gene flow between P. a. goliath and P. a. aterrimus. We also discovered the existence of a new species-level lineage that is likely endemic to Yapen Island. The conservation status of this new species-level lineage is critical as the number of individuals held in the ex situ program (nine) suggests high in natura harvesting.