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<p>The Korean small salamander, <i>Hynobius unisacculus</i>, is an endemic species confined to a narrow distribution range in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. However, its precise range, including areas of coexistence with other closely related species, and the genetic characteristics remain poorly understood. In this study, we clarified the distribution boundaries through detailed field surveys and molecular analyses. We also investigated genetic diversity and population structure using microsatellites and mitochondrial genes. Mitochondrial DNA barcoding identified 201 <i>H. unisacculus</i> samples from 39 sites including a new record on Geogeum Island. This species was found to be distributed exclusively in the southeastern region of South Jeolla Province, located at the southwestern tip of the Korean Peninsula, with its range clearly delineated by the Boseong River, Seomjin River and Baegun Mountain. Microsatellite analysis identified four geographically distinct genetic groups and revealed significant genetic differentiation and low genetic diversity among isolated populations, particularly in insular areas. Our mitochondrial analyses showed a high level of diversity and mixed phylogeographic patterns, likely due to historical biogeographic fluctuations and secondary contacts among groups. <i>H. unisacculus</i> was recovered as the sister species to <i>H. notialis</i>, with an estimated divergence time of approximately 2.7&#xa0;Ma, which is more recent than previously reported. Our findings enhance the understanding of the distribution and genetic diversity of <i>H. unisacculus</i>, facilitating effective conservation and management strategies for this endemic species.</p>

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Phylogeography and population genetics of Hynobius unisacculus: insights from fine-scale sampling across a narrow distribution range

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Daecheol Jeong,
  • Ho Young Suk,
  • Jae-Young Song,
  • Hang Lee,
  • Je-Yoel Cho,
  • Mi-Sook Min

摘要

The Korean small salamander, Hynobius unisacculus, is an endemic species confined to a narrow distribution range in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. However, its precise range, including areas of coexistence with other closely related species, and the genetic characteristics remain poorly understood. In this study, we clarified the distribution boundaries through detailed field surveys and molecular analyses. We also investigated genetic diversity and population structure using microsatellites and mitochondrial genes. Mitochondrial DNA barcoding identified 201 H. unisacculus samples from 39 sites including a new record on Geogeum Island. This species was found to be distributed exclusively in the southeastern region of South Jeolla Province, located at the southwestern tip of the Korean Peninsula, with its range clearly delineated by the Boseong River, Seomjin River and Baegun Mountain. Microsatellite analysis identified four geographically distinct genetic groups and revealed significant genetic differentiation and low genetic diversity among isolated populations, particularly in insular areas. Our mitochondrial analyses showed a high level of diversity and mixed phylogeographic patterns, likely due to historical biogeographic fluctuations and secondary contacts among groups. H. unisacculus was recovered as the sister species to H. notialis, with an estimated divergence time of approximately 2.7 Ma, which is more recent than previously reported. Our findings enhance the understanding of the distribution and genetic diversity of H. unisacculus, facilitating effective conservation and management strategies for this endemic species.