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<p>The proliferation of smart devices within the realm of the Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT) has led to increased application of microkernels in safety-critical embedded devices, owing to their minimality principle and fault isolation capabilities. However, when dealing with network I/O-intensive applications, such as those involving Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), there is a pronounced need for stringent real-time, high concurrency, and event scheduling guarantees. The migration of industrial runtime environments to microkernel architecture thus presents notable challenges, especially concerning inter-process communication (IPC) in general-purpose devices. In this paper, we introduce a novel mechanism, termed High-Speed Event Bus (HSEB), designed to reduce the substantial IPC overhead associated with microkernels. The HSEB mechanism facilitates asynchronous IPC by adeptly harnessing coroutines and a publish/subscribe events mechanism. Through rigorous experimentation within a representative industrial control system setup, we demonstrate that the average cycle firing delay for industrial applications is markedly reduced to 5.3<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\upmu\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>s (37,857 cycles). Our proposed mechanism, when benchmarked against the seL4-fastpath, exhibits a significant speed enhancement of 6.49x, and further augments I/O data throughput contingent upon the applied optimization techniques. This study thereby substantiates the enhanced efficacy of microkernel communication facilities in accommodating the demanding real-time requirements inherent in PLC-driven industrial systems.</p>

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HSEB: optimizing microkernel performance for network I/O-intensive applications via High-Speed Event Bus mechanism

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月17日

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  • Xiaoying Wang,
  • Wai Chen

摘要

The proliferation of smart devices within the realm of the Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT) has led to increased application of microkernels in safety-critical embedded devices, owing to their minimality principle and fault isolation capabilities. However, when dealing with network I/O-intensive applications, such as those involving Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), there is a pronounced need for stringent real-time, high concurrency, and event scheduling guarantees. The migration of industrial runtime environments to microkernel architecture thus presents notable challenges, especially concerning inter-process communication (IPC) in general-purpose devices. In this paper, we introduce a novel mechanism, termed High-Speed Event Bus (HSEB), designed to reduce the substantial IPC overhead associated with microkernels. The HSEB mechanism facilitates asynchronous IPC by adeptly harnessing coroutines and a publish/subscribe events mechanism. Through rigorous experimentation within a representative industrial control system setup, we demonstrate that the average cycle firing delay for industrial applications is markedly reduced to 5.3 \(\upmu\) s (37,857 cycles). Our proposed mechanism, when benchmarked against the seL4-fastpath, exhibits a significant speed enhancement of 6.49x, and further augments I/O data throughput contingent upon the applied optimization techniques. This study thereby substantiates the enhanced efficacy of microkernel communication facilities in accommodating the demanding real-time requirements inherent in PLC-driven industrial systems.