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<p>Internet of Drones (IoD) significantly enhances the functionalities of smart cities by enabling real-time data gathering, rapid response, and efficient management of resources. IoD communication via open wireless channels presents significant challenges in ensuring the security of transmitted data. Furthermore, authentication protocols and security mechanisms nowadays frequently depend on central authority, which causes substantial computational and communication overhead as well as dependability issues. The paper proposes a decentralized, privacy-preserving Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) scheme for IoDs utilizing hardware-accelerated Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs), which addresses security and privacy concerns and overcomes high computational and communication overhead in the IoD environment. A blockchain-assisted network model is presented with base stations as edge nodes to enhance decentralization in authentication schemes. Additionally, PUFs protect UAV from physical capture attacks and support authentication, while privacy is maintained through a hash-based pseudo-identification method. The Mao-Boyd logic is used to explicitly demonstrate semantic security, and the scyther tool is used to confirm the system’s resistance to different types of attacks. Informal analysis shows that the scheme satisfies the necessary security requirements. The proposed scheme achieves a 43% reduction in communication cost compared to existing research while its computation cost stands at 5.2125 ms, significantly lower than that of many recent studies.</p>

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Provably secure, lightweight, privacy-preserving PUF-based authentication and key agreement scheme using blockchain technology for internet of drones in smart cities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月17日

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  • Blaize Tom Parambil,
  • Panchami Vamattathil,
  • Shelcy Paulose,
  • Sharon Justine Payattukalanirappel

摘要

Internet of Drones (IoD) significantly enhances the functionalities of smart cities by enabling real-time data gathering, rapid response, and efficient management of resources. IoD communication via open wireless channels presents significant challenges in ensuring the security of transmitted data. Furthermore, authentication protocols and security mechanisms nowadays frequently depend on central authority, which causes substantial computational and communication overhead as well as dependability issues. The paper proposes a decentralized, privacy-preserving Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) scheme for IoDs utilizing hardware-accelerated Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs), which addresses security and privacy concerns and overcomes high computational and communication overhead in the IoD environment. A blockchain-assisted network model is presented with base stations as edge nodes to enhance decentralization in authentication schemes. Additionally, PUFs protect UAV from physical capture attacks and support authentication, while privacy is maintained through a hash-based pseudo-identification method. The Mao-Boyd logic is used to explicitly demonstrate semantic security, and the scyther tool is used to confirm the system’s resistance to different types of attacks. Informal analysis shows that the scheme satisfies the necessary security requirements. The proposed scheme achieves a 43% reduction in communication cost compared to existing research while its computation cost stands at 5.2125 ms, significantly lower than that of many recent studies.