<p>Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidality in adolescents represent urgent public health concerns. Although distinct, these behaviors share several underlying mechanisms. To clarify their relationship and inform prevention strategies, it is crucial to identify the factors most strongly associated with NSSI and suicidality in early adolescence, as well as those that exert common influences on both. In this study, a survey of 625 Chinese early adolescents (<i>M</i>_<i>age</i> = 10.36 years, <i>SD</i> = 0.93 years) was conducted, and network analysis was used to examine the interconnections among NSSI, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and multiple influencing factors. Results showed that harsh parenting, interparental conflict, and perceived burdensomeness were central factors for the concurrent prevention and intervention of NSSI, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. Furthermore, meaning in life and deviant peer affiliation emerged as important factors influencing both NSSI and suicidal ideation. These findings provide a robust theoretical foundation and practical direction for the early identification and mitigation of adolescent NSSI and suicidality.</p>