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<p>Increasing environmental awareness and the demand for safe food products have intensified interest in active packaging systems, especially those incorporating natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents to achieve sustainable food protection. This research endeavors to elucidate the synergistic effect of in-situ synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) through green chemical reduction within a cellulose nanofiber (CNF) matrix with cardamon and cinnamon essential oils (EOs), aiming at enhancing the antioxidant and antimicrobial functionality of active paper-based packaging. Size and zeta potential of synthesized Ag NPs were 8.63 ± 0.69&#xa0;nm and − 11.36 ± 0.25&#xa0;mV, respectively, while for the Pickering emulsions it ranged from − 35 to − 40&#xa0;mV, indicating the formation of stable dispersions. Emulsions displayed shear-thinning behavior. Optical microscopy confirmed the formation of stable, uniformly dispersed, small spherical oil droplets, with no evidence of creaming or coalescence. Emulsion coated papers, showed improved antioxidant activity and exhibited around 74.69 ± 3.09% of DPPH free radical scavenging efficiency in 95% ethanol, mainly due to the cardamom and cinnamon EOs. Additionally, the Ag NP-functionalized TO-CNFs showed improved EO encapsulation and higher DPPH radical scavenging compared to bare TO-CNFs. They exhibited up to 99% antimicrobial activity against <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> and also against the fungus <i>Aspergillus niger,</i> which was mainly due to the synergistic action between Ag NPs and EOs in the system. Migration of active components from EOs and silver into food simulants A, B, and C remained below EU regulatory limits, demonstrating its potential for active food packaging application.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Effects of essential oils and silver nanoparticles on nanocellulose-stabilized paper-based packaging

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • Samanta Sam,
  • Roberto J. Aguado,
  • Elena Saguer,
  • Manel Alcalà,
  • Núria Fiol,
  • Marc Delgado-Aguilar,
  • Quim Tarrés

摘要

Increasing environmental awareness and the demand for safe food products have intensified interest in active packaging systems, especially those incorporating natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents to achieve sustainable food protection. This research endeavors to elucidate the synergistic effect of in-situ synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) through green chemical reduction within a cellulose nanofiber (CNF) matrix with cardamon and cinnamon essential oils (EOs), aiming at enhancing the antioxidant and antimicrobial functionality of active paper-based packaging. Size and zeta potential of synthesized Ag NPs were 8.63 ± 0.69 nm and − 11.36 ± 0.25 mV, respectively, while for the Pickering emulsions it ranged from − 35 to − 40 mV, indicating the formation of stable dispersions. Emulsions displayed shear-thinning behavior. Optical microscopy confirmed the formation of stable, uniformly dispersed, small spherical oil droplets, with no evidence of creaming or coalescence. Emulsion coated papers, showed improved antioxidant activity and exhibited around 74.69 ± 3.09% of DPPH free radical scavenging efficiency in 95% ethanol, mainly due to the cardamom and cinnamon EOs. Additionally, the Ag NP-functionalized TO-CNFs showed improved EO encapsulation and higher DPPH radical scavenging compared to bare TO-CNFs. They exhibited up to 99% antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli and also against the fungus Aspergillus niger, which was mainly due to the synergistic action between Ag NPs and EOs in the system. Migration of active components from EOs and silver into food simulants A, B, and C remained below EU regulatory limits, demonstrating its potential for active food packaging application.

Graphical abstract