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<p>The growing environmental concerns over petroleum-based plastics have created a strong demand for biodegradable and multifunctional food-packaging materials. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a promising biopolymer due to its film-forming ability, purity and biodegradability, but its lack of antimicrobial and UV-shielding properties limits application. This study aimed to develop bacterial cellulose-chitosan-riboflavin (BC-CS-RB) nanocomposite films with enhanced functional performance for active food packaging. BC produced from mixed pomace waste extract (sweet lime, apple, and pineapple) as reported in our previous study was processed into nanocomposite films via solvent casting with CS and RB. Structural (FTIR, XRD) and morphological (SEM, EDS) analyses confirmed successful integration of CS and RB. The optimized BC-CS-RB<sup>4</sup> (4% RB) film exhibited improved tensile strength (11.6&#xa0;MPa vs. 6.8&#xa0;MPa for BC), good thermal stability, and reduced water vapor permeability (2.21 × 10<sup>−5</sup>&#xa0;g&#xa0;mm&#xa0;m<sup>−2</sup>&#xa0;day<sup>−1</sup>&#xa0;kPa<sup>−1</sup>). It also demonstrated strong UV-blocking efficiency (~ 90% reduction at 280&#xa0;nm) and antimicrobial activity against <i>E. coli</i>, <i>B. subtilis</i>, <i>S. aureus</i>, and <i>C. albicans</i>. Soil burial tests revealed ~ 70% degradation within 30&#xa0;days, and bread packaging trials showed shelf-life extension up to 25&#xa0;days compared with 5&#xa0;days for control (LDPE). These results highlight BC-CS-RB<sup>4</sup> films as eco-friendly, high-performance alternatives to conventional plastics in food packaging.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Multifunctional bacterial cellulose-chitosan-riboflavin nanocomposite film for sustainable active packaging

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Rakshanda Singh,
  • Ritu Mahajan,
  • Anurekha Sharma,
  • Ranjan Gupta,
  • Neeraj K. Aggarwal,
  • Anita Yadav

摘要

The growing environmental concerns over petroleum-based plastics have created a strong demand for biodegradable and multifunctional food-packaging materials. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a promising biopolymer due to its film-forming ability, purity and biodegradability, but its lack of antimicrobial and UV-shielding properties limits application. This study aimed to develop bacterial cellulose-chitosan-riboflavin (BC-CS-RB) nanocomposite films with enhanced functional performance for active food packaging. BC produced from mixed pomace waste extract (sweet lime, apple, and pineapple) as reported in our previous study was processed into nanocomposite films via solvent casting with CS and RB. Structural (FTIR, XRD) and morphological (SEM, EDS) analyses confirmed successful integration of CS and RB. The optimized BC-CS-RB4 (4% RB) film exhibited improved tensile strength (11.6 MPa vs. 6.8 MPa for BC), good thermal stability, and reduced water vapor permeability (2.21 × 10−5 g mm m−2 day−1 kPa−1). It also demonstrated strong UV-blocking efficiency (~ 90% reduction at 280 nm) and antimicrobial activity against E. coli, B. subtilis, S. aureus, and C. albicans. Soil burial tests revealed ~ 70% degradation within 30 days, and bread packaging trials showed shelf-life extension up to 25 days compared with 5 days for control (LDPE). These results highlight BC-CS-RB4 films as eco-friendly, high-performance alternatives to conventional plastics in food packaging.

Graphical abstract