Mechanical performance and characterization of hybrid laminates with 3D-printed PLA/flax cores and Typha/Agave fiber face sheet
摘要
This study investigates the development of sustainable sandwich composites with bio-based cores and natural fiber face sheets, utilizing regionally sourced natural cellulose fibers to enhance sustainability and mechanical performance. Hybrid face sheets were fabricated from epoxy reinforced with unidirectional cellulose fibers from Typha latifolia stem and Agave americana leaf, extracted via chemical and mechanical methods, respectively. The cores were 3D-printed using neat polylactic acid (PLA) and a PLA/flax cellulose fiber biocomposite filament in three geometries (honeycomb, circular, tri-grid). Comprehensive characterization, including FTIR and TGA, confirmed the composition and thermal stability of the extracted cellulose fibers. Mechanical testing revealed that the tri-grid core geometry significantly outperformed other designs, with PLA/flax cores achieving a core shear strength of 5.27 MPa and a flexural modulus of 1.53 GPa. Notably, PLA/flax cellulose fiber cores exhibited a 131% increase in energy absorption over neat PLA, with circular cores absorbing 1.71 MJ/m3. The hybrid face sheets demonstrated exceptional tensile strength (87.6 MPa), outperforming the PLA/flax composite by 85%. Finite element models validated the experimental flexural results with high accuracy (R2 > 0.97, deviation ≤ 10%).