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<p>Most of the current fractionation strategies of lignocellulosic biomass undergo severe cooking conditions, such as high temperature and pressure. Aiming to explore a low-energy consumption process, we proposed a FeCl<sub>3</sub>-assisted formic acid system (Fe-FA) for highly efficient biomass fractionation under mild conditions. The addition of FeCl<sub>3</sub> enhances the dissociation of H<sup>+</sup> from formic acid, increasing the acid strength of the reaction system, thereby strengthening the cleavage of the main linkages between the components of biomass. At a mild reaction temperature of 90&#xa0;°C, 85.6 ± 1.3% of lignin and nearly all hemicellulose were removed during the delignification process. Notably, the fractionated residue solid exhibited a high cellulose purity of 90 ± 0.6%. The biological conversion efficiency of the obtained cellulosic solid reached 97.8 ± 0.8%. Life cycle assessment (LCA) confirmed that the Fe-FA system could significantly reduce the environmental impact and energy consumption of the fractionation process, achieving reduction of 18.6% and 25.3% in greenhouse gas emissions and fossil resource scarcity, respectively. This highly efficient fractionation pathway provides a low-energy consumption and environmentally friendly technology option for building an integrated biorefinery platform.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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FeCl3-promoted acidic fractionation under mild conditions (90 °C) for enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar wood

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月26日

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  • Qi Bu,
  • Qinglong Fan,
  • Hongman Gao,
  • Shuzhen Ni,
  • Xiaoqian Chen,
  • Zhaojiang Wang,
  • Yingjuan Fu,
  • Menghua Qin,
  • Yongchao Zhang

摘要

Most of the current fractionation strategies of lignocellulosic biomass undergo severe cooking conditions, such as high temperature and pressure. Aiming to explore a low-energy consumption process, we proposed a FeCl3-assisted formic acid system (Fe-FA) for highly efficient biomass fractionation under mild conditions. The addition of FeCl3 enhances the dissociation of H+ from formic acid, increasing the acid strength of the reaction system, thereby strengthening the cleavage of the main linkages between the components of biomass. At a mild reaction temperature of 90 °C, 85.6 ± 1.3% of lignin and nearly all hemicellulose were removed during the delignification process. Notably, the fractionated residue solid exhibited a high cellulose purity of 90 ± 0.6%. The biological conversion efficiency of the obtained cellulosic solid reached 97.8 ± 0.8%. Life cycle assessment (LCA) confirmed that the Fe-FA system could significantly reduce the environmental impact and energy consumption of the fractionation process, achieving reduction of 18.6% and 25.3% in greenhouse gas emissions and fossil resource scarcity, respectively. This highly efficient fractionation pathway provides a low-energy consumption and environmentally friendly technology option for building an integrated biorefinery platform.

Graphical abstract