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<p>This manuscript investigates gelatin/cellulose composites for anticancer and antimicrobial drug delivery. The incorporation of cellulose mitigates prior material deficiencies with enhanced glycoprotein, and controlled biodegradability. The efficient biological response, specifically enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation, is mechanistically attributed to the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the amine and hydroxy groups. The gelatin component primarily confers biorecognition capabilities, facilitating receptor-mediated endocytosis, and its inherent biological motifs promote cellular uptake and site-specific targeting within the disease. Conversely, the cellulose serves as the mechanical and structural reinforcing agent, augmenting the rheological stability and structural integrity. The mechanism begins with non-covalent interactions (such as hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, and electrostatic forces) between the drug molecule and the polymer matrix. These interactions are key to achieving high loading efficiency, targeted and controlled release. The strength and reversibility of these bonds allow the drug to remain sequestered within the nanocarrier until a specific environmental stimulus weakens the interactions. The gelatin/cellulose matrix successfully delivered a wide range of therapeutic agents, including drugs (ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, curcumin, etc.), plant extracts (basil, essential oils, etc.), and metal ions. This platform demonstrates against malignant cells (like NIH 3T3, L929, breast cancer, etc.) and exhibiting potent antimicrobial action against microbial strains (including E. coli, C. albicans, S. aureus, etc.). The manuscript meticulously details the various synthesis methodologies, provides mechanistic insights into the biological applications, identifies current engineering challenges, and outlines future research trajectories. The findings support gelatin/cellulose blends as a highly efficient platform for biomaterial applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Gelatin/cellulose composites as nanovehicles for anticancer and antimicrobial drug delivery: a review on synthesis, mechanisms, and challenges

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月4日

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  • Aamir Nawaz,
  • Zia Ahmad,
  • Muhammad Babar Taj,
  • Aaysha Ihsan,
  • Salman Qadir

摘要

This manuscript investigates gelatin/cellulose composites for anticancer and antimicrobial drug delivery. The incorporation of cellulose mitigates prior material deficiencies with enhanced glycoprotein, and controlled biodegradability. The efficient biological response, specifically enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation, is mechanistically attributed to the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the amine and hydroxy groups. The gelatin component primarily confers biorecognition capabilities, facilitating receptor-mediated endocytosis, and its inherent biological motifs promote cellular uptake and site-specific targeting within the disease. Conversely, the cellulose serves as the mechanical and structural reinforcing agent, augmenting the rheological stability and structural integrity. The mechanism begins with non-covalent interactions (such as hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, and electrostatic forces) between the drug molecule and the polymer matrix. These interactions are key to achieving high loading efficiency, targeted and controlled release. The strength and reversibility of these bonds allow the drug to remain sequestered within the nanocarrier until a specific environmental stimulus weakens the interactions. The gelatin/cellulose matrix successfully delivered a wide range of therapeutic agents, including drugs (ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, curcumin, etc.), plant extracts (basil, essential oils, etc.), and metal ions. This platform demonstrates against malignant cells (like NIH 3T3, L929, breast cancer, etc.) and exhibiting potent antimicrobial action against microbial strains (including E. coli, C. albicans, S. aureus, etc.). The manuscript meticulously details the various synthesis methodologies, provides mechanistic insights into the biological applications, identifies current engineering challenges, and outlines future research trajectories. The findings support gelatin/cellulose blends as a highly efficient platform for biomaterial applications.

Graphical abstract