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<p>Sustainable valorization of agricultural residues into high-value biomaterials offers a green route to wastewater remediation. This study demonstrates the enzymatic extraction of nanocellulose (EN-NC) from sugarcane trash (SCT) using a synergistic combination of recombinant β-1,4-endoglucanase (<i>At</i>GH9C-CBM3A-CBM3B) and cellobiohydrolase (<i>At</i>CBH5A) from <i>Acetivibrio thermocellus</i>, offering a green alternative to conventional chemical methods. The enzymatic process, characterized by restricted hydrolysis, yielded nanocellulose with uniform, ultra-thin fibrils (≤ 20&#xa0;nm) and crystallinity index (46.8%), which was incorporated into a carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel (EN-NC–CMC-Na). This hydrogel exhibited a significantly enhanced surface area (4.8&#xa0;m<sup>2</sup>/g) and a well-defined point of zero charge (pH<sub>pzc</sub> 6.6). Optimization via Response Surface Methodology revealed maximum removal efficiencies of 88.5% for Congo Red and 94.7% for Methylene Blue, by EN-NC–CMC-Na and the adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model. Isotherm studies indicated multilayer adsorption on a heterogeneous surface, with maximum capacities of 35.6&#xa0;mg/g and 40.7&#xa0;mg/g for CR and MB, respectively. The hydrogel also demonstrated excellent regenerative potential using eco-friendly eluents. These findings establish enzymatic nanocellulose extraction from SCT as a green and scalable alternative to chemical nanofibrillation, while the resulting hydrogel provides a reusable, high-performance adsorbent for dye-laden effluents.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Extraction of nanocellulose from sugarcane trash using recombinant cellulases and its application in efficient dye removal through nanocellulose-based hydrogel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月5日

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  • Ardhendu Mandal,
  • Arun Goyal

摘要

Sustainable valorization of agricultural residues into high-value biomaterials offers a green route to wastewater remediation. This study demonstrates the enzymatic extraction of nanocellulose (EN-NC) from sugarcane trash (SCT) using a synergistic combination of recombinant β-1,4-endoglucanase (AtGH9C-CBM3A-CBM3B) and cellobiohydrolase (AtCBH5A) from Acetivibrio thermocellus, offering a green alternative to conventional chemical methods. The enzymatic process, characterized by restricted hydrolysis, yielded nanocellulose with uniform, ultra-thin fibrils (≤ 20 nm) and crystallinity index (46.8%), which was incorporated into a carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel (EN-NC–CMC-Na). This hydrogel exhibited a significantly enhanced surface area (4.8 m2/g) and a well-defined point of zero charge (pHpzc 6.6). Optimization via Response Surface Methodology revealed maximum removal efficiencies of 88.5% for Congo Red and 94.7% for Methylene Blue, by EN-NC–CMC-Na and the adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model. Isotherm studies indicated multilayer adsorption on a heterogeneous surface, with maximum capacities of 35.6 mg/g and 40.7 mg/g for CR and MB, respectively. The hydrogel also demonstrated excellent regenerative potential using eco-friendly eluents. These findings establish enzymatic nanocellulose extraction from SCT as a green and scalable alternative to chemical nanofibrillation, while the resulting hydrogel provides a reusable, high-performance adsorbent for dye-laden effluents.

Graphical abstract