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<p>Pretreating natural cellulose materials, such as raw cotton fibers, is often challenging due to dissolution difficulties caused by their complex structure. Here, we efficiently dissolved raw cotton fibers, regenerated them into cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), and successfully used these CNFs to prepare 3D porous air-filtering media. Raw cotton fibers were dissolved in a green deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on aluminum and zinc chloride by microwave-heating method. Response surface methodology was utilized to optimize the key dissolution parameters. Thereby, temperature was found to be the most significant factor affecting solubility performance. The optimal dissolution parameters were determined by the desirability function approach, and the verified experimental results realized a solubility of 96.05%. Additionally, the dissolution mechanism of the cellulose model in DES was analyzed from an energy perspective using theoretical calculations. Based on the optimized cellulose solution, CNFs were successfully prepared by shear-induced regeneration. By integrating CNFs with basalt fibers, porous filtration media were prepared with optimized fiber ratios. The materials demonstrated outstanding comprehensive performance, with PM<sub>0.3</sub> filtration efficiency of over 98.00%, highlighting their potential practical value. Overall, this study presents a feasible strategy for the employment and application of raw cotton fibers featuring a complex biopolymeric network.</p>

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Cellulose nanofibers derived from raw cotton: optimization using response surface methodology and application for air filtration

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月16日

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  • Ming-Cheng Gao,
  • Hui Li,
  • Desalegn Atalie,
  • Martin Gericke,
  • Thomas Heinze,
  • Xiao-Xi Cheng,
  • Peng-Cheng Ma

摘要

Pretreating natural cellulose materials, such as raw cotton fibers, is often challenging due to dissolution difficulties caused by their complex structure. Here, we efficiently dissolved raw cotton fibers, regenerated them into cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), and successfully used these CNFs to prepare 3D porous air-filtering media. Raw cotton fibers were dissolved in a green deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on aluminum and zinc chloride by microwave-heating method. Response surface methodology was utilized to optimize the key dissolution parameters. Thereby, temperature was found to be the most significant factor affecting solubility performance. The optimal dissolution parameters were determined by the desirability function approach, and the verified experimental results realized a solubility of 96.05%. Additionally, the dissolution mechanism of the cellulose model in DES was analyzed from an energy perspective using theoretical calculations. Based on the optimized cellulose solution, CNFs were successfully prepared by shear-induced regeneration. By integrating CNFs with basalt fibers, porous filtration media were prepared with optimized fiber ratios. The materials demonstrated outstanding comprehensive performance, with PM0.3 filtration efficiency of over 98.00%, highlighting their potential practical value. Overall, this study presents a feasible strategy for the employment and application of raw cotton fibers featuring a complex biopolymeric network.