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<p>To address the high flammability of eco-friendly lyocell fabric, this study developed a novel halogen-free flame retardant TGPA which was synthesized via two-step esterification of triethylene glycol, phosphoric acid, and urea. Its active NH₄⁺ groups form stable C-O-P covalent bonds with cellulose hydroxy groups. Structural characterization confirmed the successful incorporation of nitrogen and phosphorus into the fiber surface. The modified fabric exhibited self-extinguishing behavior with a markedly enhanced limiting oxygen index (LOI), while achieving a 61.8% reduction in heat release rate (HRR) and a 34.6% decrease in total heat release (THR), as well as forming a highly stable char layer. The system enables persistent flame retardancy through synergistic gas-phase radical quenching and condensed-phase charring mechanisms, maintaining performance stability after 25 laundering cycles. Mechanical properties slightly decrease but still meet practical requirements, providing an efficient, durable, and eco-friendly solution for high-safety textiles.</p>

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Chemical grafting of nitrogen-phosphorus synergist for green and durable flame retardant lyocell fabric

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月11日

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  • Fengfeng Feng,
  • Jie Zhang,
  • Huanjie Chi,
  • Wei Wang,
  • YuanYing Shen,
  • Chengyan Hong,
  • Jiayi Zhang,
  • Zhenbo Zhao,
  • Junzhi Ma

摘要

To address the high flammability of eco-friendly lyocell fabric, this study developed a novel halogen-free flame retardant TGPA which was synthesized via two-step esterification of triethylene glycol, phosphoric acid, and urea. Its active NH₄⁺ groups form stable C-O-P covalent bonds with cellulose hydroxy groups. Structural characterization confirmed the successful incorporation of nitrogen and phosphorus into the fiber surface. The modified fabric exhibited self-extinguishing behavior with a markedly enhanced limiting oxygen index (LOI), while achieving a 61.8% reduction in heat release rate (HRR) and a 34.6% decrease in total heat release (THR), as well as forming a highly stable char layer. The system enables persistent flame retardancy through synergistic gas-phase radical quenching and condensed-phase charring mechanisms, maintaining performance stability after 25 laundering cycles. Mechanical properties slightly decrease but still meet practical requirements, providing an efficient, durable, and eco-friendly solution for high-safety textiles.