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<p>Quaternization of cotton enables its dyeing with anionic dyes and thus makes it possible to dye wool/cotton blends fabrics in one bath. However, research on the impact of the structures of EQASs on the dyeing properties of modified cotton fibers remain limited. In this study, three EQASs with varying alkyl chain lengths—EMAC-4, EMAC-8, and EMAC-10—were synthesized and used to modify cotton fibers. The dyeing properties of the modified cotton fibers were then investigated. As the alkyl chain length increased, the <i>K/S</i> values and fixation (<i>F%</i>) of the dyes on modified cotton fibers increased, while the leveling properties were somewhat compromised. When the modifier dosage was the same, EMAC-10 showed the best performance: at 20&#xa0;g/L, EMAC-10 modified cotton fibers achieved 100% exhaustion (<i>E%</i>) and more than 93.4% fixation. Computational simulations revealed that as the alkyl chain length increased, the mobility of reactive dyes decreased, the reactivity of the newly introduced hydroxy groups increased, and the reaction energy barrier with monochloro-<i>s</i>-triazine reactive dyes was reduced. This study enhanced the understanding of the structure-performance relationship of cationic modifiers and provided a feasible direction for the design of efficient and environmentally friendly modifiers for cotton fibers.</p>

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Effect of alkyl chain length of epoxy quaternary ammonium salts on their performance in salt-free neutral dyeing of cotton fibers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月19日

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  • Wensheng Zou,
  • Wei Ma,
  • Shufen Zhang

摘要

Quaternization of cotton enables its dyeing with anionic dyes and thus makes it possible to dye wool/cotton blends fabrics in one bath. However, research on the impact of the structures of EQASs on the dyeing properties of modified cotton fibers remain limited. In this study, three EQASs with varying alkyl chain lengths—EMAC-4, EMAC-8, and EMAC-10—were synthesized and used to modify cotton fibers. The dyeing properties of the modified cotton fibers were then investigated. As the alkyl chain length increased, the K/S values and fixation (F%) of the dyes on modified cotton fibers increased, while the leveling properties were somewhat compromised. When the modifier dosage was the same, EMAC-10 showed the best performance: at 20 g/L, EMAC-10 modified cotton fibers achieved 100% exhaustion (E%) and more than 93.4% fixation. Computational simulations revealed that as the alkyl chain length increased, the mobility of reactive dyes decreased, the reactivity of the newly introduced hydroxy groups increased, and the reaction energy barrier with monochloro-s-triazine reactive dyes was reduced. This study enhanced the understanding of the structure-performance relationship of cationic modifiers and provided a feasible direction for the design of efficient and environmentally friendly modifiers for cotton fibers.