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<p>In this study, a nanocomposite based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) incorporating cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) and glutaraldehyde (GA) was developed using a straightforward and effective cross-linking approach, demonstrating rapid water-induced shape memory and excellent mechanical characteristics. Microstructural analysis revealed good dispersion of CNWs within the PVA matrix. FTIR analysis indicated that the crosslinking mechanism involves both physical (via hydrogen bonding) interactions and chemical (via acetal bonding). The PVA-CNW nanocomposites displayed markedly improved mechanical properties, featuring a Young’s modulus of approximately 10.4 GPa and a tensile strength of approximately 219 MPa, attributed to the inherent mechanical properties of CNWs and the establishment of robust hydrogen bonding between PVA and CNW. Furthermore, the simultaneous introduction of CNWs and GA facilitated water-induced shape memory behavior, with a shape recovery ratio approaching 100% within 36&#xa0;s. This heightened sensitivity can be ascribed to increased cross-linking between PVA-CNW and PVA-GA, serving as hard components to retain the permanent shape.</p>

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Poly(vinyl alcohol)/cellulose nanowhisker nanocomposite with enhanced mechanical and shape memory performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月25日

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  • Fariba Sabet,
  • Zahra Daneshfar

摘要

In this study, a nanocomposite based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) incorporating cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) and glutaraldehyde (GA) was developed using a straightforward and effective cross-linking approach, demonstrating rapid water-induced shape memory and excellent mechanical characteristics. Microstructural analysis revealed good dispersion of CNWs within the PVA matrix. FTIR analysis indicated that the crosslinking mechanism involves both physical (via hydrogen bonding) interactions and chemical (via acetal bonding). The PVA-CNW nanocomposites displayed markedly improved mechanical properties, featuring a Young’s modulus of approximately 10.4 GPa and a tensile strength of approximately 219 MPa, attributed to the inherent mechanical properties of CNWs and the establishment of robust hydrogen bonding between PVA and CNW. Furthermore, the simultaneous introduction of CNWs and GA facilitated water-induced shape memory behavior, with a shape recovery ratio approaching 100% within 36 s. This heightened sensitivity can be ascribed to increased cross-linking between PVA-CNW and PVA-GA, serving as hard components to retain the permanent shape.