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<p>Carboxymethylcellulose ammonium salt (NH<sub>4</sub>-CMC) is a water-soluble cellulose derivative. Although less commonly used than sodium salts, NH<sub>4</sub>-CMC offers the advantage of leaving no residual metal salts after firing, making it suitable for applications such as batteries. Another key feature of NH<sub>4</sub>-CMC is its conversion to a water-insoluble form upon heating. It is generally assumed that heating releases NH<sub>3</sub> from NH<sub>4</sub>-CMC, yielding water-insoluble acidic CMC (H-CMC). However, the detailed reactions have not been characterized. In this study, NH<sub>4</sub>-CMC was heated at 105&#xa0;°C, 150&#xa0;°C, and 170&#xa0;°C to examine the behavior of the ammonium salt and the development of water-insoluble properties. At 105&#xa0;°C, the polymer remained water-soluble after 1&#xa0;h, but became nearly insoluble after 3&#xa0;h of heating. At 150&#xa0;°C, complete water insolubility was achieved within 1&#xa0;h. A reduction in nitrogen content was observed during heating, indicating NH<sub>3</sub> elimination and the formation of H-CMC. Furthermore, amide formation was also strongly inferred. The formation of H-CMC and amide under heating causes insolubility in water, despite the presence of some unreacted ammonium salt. Slight depolymerization was observed within this temperature range.</p>

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Water insolubilization of ammonium carboxymethyl cellulose (NH4-CMC) induced by heating

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月22日

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  • Haruka Kimata,
  • Yuki Tokunaga,
  • Hiroshi Nonaka

摘要

Carboxymethylcellulose ammonium salt (NH4-CMC) is a water-soluble cellulose derivative. Although less commonly used than sodium salts, NH4-CMC offers the advantage of leaving no residual metal salts after firing, making it suitable for applications such as batteries. Another key feature of NH4-CMC is its conversion to a water-insoluble form upon heating. It is generally assumed that heating releases NH3 from NH4-CMC, yielding water-insoluble acidic CMC (H-CMC). However, the detailed reactions have not been characterized. In this study, NH4-CMC was heated at 105 °C, 150 °C, and 170 °C to examine the behavior of the ammonium salt and the development of water-insoluble properties. At 105 °C, the polymer remained water-soluble after 1 h, but became nearly insoluble after 3 h of heating. At 150 °C, complete water insolubility was achieved within 1 h. A reduction in nitrogen content was observed during heating, indicating NH3 elimination and the formation of H-CMC. Furthermore, amide formation was also strongly inferred. The formation of H-CMC and amide under heating causes insolubility in water, despite the presence of some unreacted ammonium salt. Slight depolymerization was observed within this temperature range.