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<p>The aim of this study is to extract and characterize cellulosic fibers from cassava (<i>Manihot esculenta</i>) stems, with the intent of adding value to this underutilized agro-waste for industrial applications. Both chemical (NaOH) and mechanical extraction processes were employed to obtain these fibers. The Box–Behnken Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the effect of the biomass soaking time in NaOH solution (days), concentration of the solution (w/w%), and biomass/solvent ratio (w/w), on the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the fibers. The lignocellulosic composition of cassava stems was analyzed, and the extracted fibers and cassava stems were characterized using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), density measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The optimized extraction conditions obtained were 2.52&#xa0;days of soaking, 1% NaOH, and a biomass/solvent ratio of 1:20, resulting in fibers with tensile strength of 47.30 ± 5.91&#xa0;MPa and Young’s modulus of 3.02 ± 0.12 GPa. The fibers had a density of 0.92 ± 0.01&#xa0;g/cm<sup>3</sup>, and compared to the original cassava stem, FTIR analysis showed a reduction in lignin, complete hemicellulose removal, and increased cellulose content due to the extraction. This was supported by XRD data that indicated an increase in crystallinity from 42.49 to 53.90%, highlighting a predominance of crystalline components (cellulose). The low density of the fibers suggests their suitability for lightweight composites. At the same time, their moderate tensile strength limits their applications to low-to-medium-strength matrices such as earth blocks, non-load-bearing panels, and biodegradable packaging. These findings highlight cassava stem fibers (CSFs) as a sustainable reinforcement material for eco-friendly applications, providing a viable pathway for agro-waste upcycling.</p>

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Optimizing the extraction of a novel fiber from cassava (Manihot esculenta) stems: a statistical approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月25日

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  • Noel Njimbong Chia,
  • Mustapha Nouri,
  • Paul Kouteu,
  • Mahfoud Tahlaiti,
  • Yvette Jiokap Nono,
  • Abdelhafid Khelidj,
  • Sivakumar Ramanathan

摘要

The aim of this study is to extract and characterize cellulosic fibers from cassava (Manihot esculenta) stems, with the intent of adding value to this underutilized agro-waste for industrial applications. Both chemical (NaOH) and mechanical extraction processes were employed to obtain these fibers. The Box–Behnken Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the effect of the biomass soaking time in NaOH solution (days), concentration of the solution (w/w%), and biomass/solvent ratio (w/w), on the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the fibers. The lignocellulosic composition of cassava stems was analyzed, and the extracted fibers and cassava stems were characterized using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), density measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The optimized extraction conditions obtained were 2.52 days of soaking, 1% NaOH, and a biomass/solvent ratio of 1:20, resulting in fibers with tensile strength of 47.30 ± 5.91 MPa and Young’s modulus of 3.02 ± 0.12 GPa. The fibers had a density of 0.92 ± 0.01 g/cm3, and compared to the original cassava stem, FTIR analysis showed a reduction in lignin, complete hemicellulose removal, and increased cellulose content due to the extraction. This was supported by XRD data that indicated an increase in crystallinity from 42.49 to 53.90%, highlighting a predominance of crystalline components (cellulose). The low density of the fibers suggests their suitability for lightweight composites. At the same time, their moderate tensile strength limits their applications to low-to-medium-strength matrices such as earth blocks, non-load-bearing panels, and biodegradable packaging. These findings highlight cassava stem fibers (CSFs) as a sustainable reinforcement material for eco-friendly applications, providing a viable pathway for agro-waste upcycling.