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<p>Historical cotton-based objects containing traces of the natural blue dye indigo are known to remain well preserved over prolonged periods of time. Owing to the great photostability of the dye itself, the stability of indigo-treated cotton-based materials can be related to the protective properties of the colorant. However, the underlying physico-chemical mechanisms of the remarkable preservation of historical cotton samples have remained a puzzle. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the modern industrial synthetic indigo shares the same preservation properties as its natural counterpart. In this study, we investigated the potential contribution of indigo to the long-term stability of cellulose. Two artificial aging methods, namely oven aging at 80&#xa0;°C and the UV-induced aging at 40&#xa0;°C, were employed. Changes in molar mass and carbonyl group content of the studied cellulose samples were monitored using fluorescence labeling followed by gel permeation chromatography coupled with multi-angle light scattering. Additionally, color alterations were observed through reflectance spectroscopy and CIELAB color measurements, while chemical composition differences between the dyes were examined using GC–MS/FID analysis. The findings not only revealed the distinct feature of indigo in protecting cellulose substrates against hydrolytic degradation but also showed the differences in preservation properties against oxidative degradation of cellulose between synthetic and natural blue dyes and identified a potential compound that may account for these variations.</p>

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Blue beyond time: preservation properties of natural and synthetic indigo in cellulose aging

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月31日

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  • Ivan Melikhov,
  • Irina Sulaeva,
  • Hubert Hettegger,
  • Thomas Rosenau,
  • Antje Potthast

摘要

Historical cotton-based objects containing traces of the natural blue dye indigo are known to remain well preserved over prolonged periods of time. Owing to the great photostability of the dye itself, the stability of indigo-treated cotton-based materials can be related to the protective properties of the colorant. However, the underlying physico-chemical mechanisms of the remarkable preservation of historical cotton samples have remained a puzzle. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the modern industrial synthetic indigo shares the same preservation properties as its natural counterpart. In this study, we investigated the potential contribution of indigo to the long-term stability of cellulose. Two artificial aging methods, namely oven aging at 80 °C and the UV-induced aging at 40 °C, were employed. Changes in molar mass and carbonyl group content of the studied cellulose samples were monitored using fluorescence labeling followed by gel permeation chromatography coupled with multi-angle light scattering. Additionally, color alterations were observed through reflectance spectroscopy and CIELAB color measurements, while chemical composition differences between the dyes were examined using GC–MS/FID analysis. The findings not only revealed the distinct feature of indigo in protecting cellulose substrates against hydrolytic degradation but also showed the differences in preservation properties against oxidative degradation of cellulose between synthetic and natural blue dyes and identified a potential compound that may account for these variations.