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<p>Sustainable solutions for efficient chromium (Cr) removal, particularly at low concentrations, remain a critical challenge. Present work outlines the development of a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) for the effective removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) ions from aqueous solutions. The semi-IPN was synthesized using a 1:1 (w/w) hybrid backbone of nanocellulose and pectin, with itaconic acid grafted onto it through a crosslinker-initiator system comprising N, N’-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) and ammonium persulfate (APS) under microwave irradiation. Synthesis parameters were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), resulting in a maximum grafting yield of 172.9%. The semi-IPN achieved an impressive Cr (VI) removal efficiency of 92.2% under optimal conditions: 0.2&#xa0;g of adsorbent per 25&#xa0;mL solution, pH 6.0, 120&#xa0;min contact time, and an initial Cr (VI) concentration of 5&#xa0;mg/L. Kinetic and isotherm studies indicated that the adsorption process conformed to a pseudo-second-order model and was best described by the Freundlich isotherm. The semi-IPN also showed strong recyclability, retaining 81.4% of its adsorption capacity after five cycles of reuse. These results highlight the potential of the semi-IPN as an effective, ecofriendly and reusable adsorbent for Cr (VI) ion removal.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Biowaste-derived hybrid adsorbent for efficient Cr (VI) removal

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月12日

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  • Saksham,
  • Balbir Singh Kaith,
  • Rakesh Kumar,
  • Rohit Mehra,
  • Manpreet Singh Bhatti

摘要

Sustainable solutions for efficient chromium (Cr) removal, particularly at low concentrations, remain a critical challenge. Present work outlines the development of a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) for the effective removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) ions from aqueous solutions. The semi-IPN was synthesized using a 1:1 (w/w) hybrid backbone of nanocellulose and pectin, with itaconic acid grafted onto it through a crosslinker-initiator system comprising N, N’-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) and ammonium persulfate (APS) under microwave irradiation. Synthesis parameters were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), resulting in a maximum grafting yield of 172.9%. The semi-IPN achieved an impressive Cr (VI) removal efficiency of 92.2% under optimal conditions: 0.2 g of adsorbent per 25 mL solution, pH 6.0, 120 min contact time, and an initial Cr (VI) concentration of 5 mg/L. Kinetic and isotherm studies indicated that the adsorption process conformed to a pseudo-second-order model and was best described by the Freundlich isotherm. The semi-IPN also showed strong recyclability, retaining 81.4% of its adsorption capacity after five cycles of reuse. These results highlight the potential of the semi-IPN as an effective, ecofriendly and reusable adsorbent for Cr (VI) ion removal.

Graphical Abstract