Background <p>Sleep problems during childhood are associated with a wide range of health issues. Only a limited number of studies examined sleep problems in alternative care settings, and researchers have emphasized the need for further investigation in this vulnerable group.</p> Objective <p>This manuscript presents the findings of a systematic literature review examining sleep problems among foster children and foster care alumni.</p> Method <p>The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses framework was used to guide this review. Searches were conducted in the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases applying the following inclusion criteria: original, peer reviewed, English-language articles published between 2000 and 2025 that reported on research regarding sleep problems among foster children or among foster care alumni.</p> Results <p>A total of 17 articles met the inclusion criteria. The results reveal that research on sleep problems in this population remains limited in both scope and geographic coverage. Findings indicate that foster children, youth, and alumni are at elevated risk for a wide range of sleep problems. High prevalence rates have been reported across various informants underscoring the pervasive nature of sleep issues in this group. Sleep problems are associated with multiple contributing factors, including child-specific characteristics, mental health conditions, caregiver-related factors, and placement-related variables.</p> Conclusion <p>The literature highlights the need for regular assessment of sleep problems in foster care populations, sleep health education for caregivers and professionals, and the implementation of evidence-based, trauma-informed sleep interventions.</p>