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<p>Rare-earth (RE) ion doping of spinel ferrite nanoparticles has emerged as a strategic route to tailor their physicochemical and photocatalytic properties for advanced wastewater treatment. In this study, nickel ferrite (NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanoparticles doped with Neodymium (Nd<sup>3⁺</sup>), Dysprosium (Dy<sup>3⁺</sup>) and Praseodymium (Pr<sup>3⁺</sup>) with the formula NiFe<sub>1.90</sub>RE<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>4</sub> were synthesised via sol–gel auto-combustion method and systematically characterised using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectroscopy and Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM). RE doping induced lattice distortions, reducing crystallite size from 57.3 to 9.3&#xa0;nm and enhancing surface reactivity. FTIR analysis revealed shifts in metal–oxygen vibrational modes, confirming the successful incorporation of RE ions. UV–Vis studies revealed a pronounced narrowing of the band gap from 2.44 to 1.36&#xa0;eV, improving photon absorption and charge carrier excitation. Magnetic measurements revealed a decrease in saturation magnetisation and coercivity, indicating a soft magnetic behaviour suitable for facile catalyst recovery. Photocatalytic experiments under UV irradiation demonstrated an excellent enhancement in Crystal Violet dye degradation efficiency from 27 to 92%, within 90&#xa0;min. This augmented catalytic performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of increased surface area, band gap tuning, oxygen vacancy formation and suppressed charge recombination. The catalysts retained over 88% efficiency after three cycles, underscoring their reusability and magnetic recoverability. These findings position RE-doped NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> as scalable, high-performance photocatalysts for industrial wastewater remediation.</p>

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Photocatalytic Performance of Rare Earth-Doped Nickel Ferrite Nanoparticles for Accelerated Degradation of Crystal Violet Dye

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月29日

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  • Isha Bhagwatwar,
  • Aarti N. Wazalwar

摘要

Rare-earth (RE) ion doping of spinel ferrite nanoparticles has emerged as a strategic route to tailor their physicochemical and photocatalytic properties for advanced wastewater treatment. In this study, nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanoparticles doped with Neodymium (Nd3⁺), Dysprosium (Dy3⁺) and Praseodymium (Pr3⁺) with the formula NiFe1.90RE0.1O4 were synthesised via sol–gel auto-combustion method and systematically characterised using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectroscopy and Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM). RE doping induced lattice distortions, reducing crystallite size from 57.3 to 9.3 nm and enhancing surface reactivity. FTIR analysis revealed shifts in metal–oxygen vibrational modes, confirming the successful incorporation of RE ions. UV–Vis studies revealed a pronounced narrowing of the band gap from 2.44 to 1.36 eV, improving photon absorption and charge carrier excitation. Magnetic measurements revealed a decrease in saturation magnetisation and coercivity, indicating a soft magnetic behaviour suitable for facile catalyst recovery. Photocatalytic experiments under UV irradiation demonstrated an excellent enhancement in Crystal Violet dye degradation efficiency from 27 to 92%, within 90 min. This augmented catalytic performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of increased surface area, band gap tuning, oxygen vacancy formation and suppressed charge recombination. The catalysts retained over 88% efficiency after three cycles, underscoring their reusability and magnetic recoverability. These findings position RE-doped NiFe2O4 as scalable, high-performance photocatalysts for industrial wastewater remediation.