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<p>Bisphenol A (BPA; 4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propan-2-yl], being an important industrial raw material, is a prevailing endocrine disruptor presenting a serious risk to human health and aquatic life. Classical Treatment methods are often inefficient or difficult to implement due to their persistent nature. Soybean peroxidase, being an iron-porphyrin-based metalloprotein, provides an efficient and eco-friendly alternative for degrading BPA. The present study involves purified soybean peroxidase (SBP) as a green catalyst to remove BPA from wastewater using response surface methodology (RSM) with six variables at five levels. The optimum conditions, which included 20 U/mL SBP, 30&#xa0;mg/L H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, a 150-minute reaction time, 40&#xa0;°C, and a pH of 7.0, resulted in 100% BPA mineralization, as confirmed by UV-Vis, HPLC, and LC-MS/MS. Kinetic analysis <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{V}_{max}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>= 28.6 µM/min and <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{K}_{m}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> = 13.01µM indicated high catalytic power and strong substrate affinity. The cytotoxicity study demonstrated a reduction in red blood cell (RBC) lysis from 47% to 3% of SBP-treated water. The phytotoxicity analysis revealed 0% (untreated wastewater) versus 100% (SBP-treated water) germination of wheat. This study established SBP as a cost-effective, sustainable, and eco-friendly biocatalyst for advanced and efficient treatment of micropollutants and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as BPA.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Study of Soybean Peroxidase Catalyzed Degradation of 4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propan-2-yl] Phenol and its Toxicological Assessment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月9日

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  • Sumble Malik,
  • Shagufta Kamal

摘要

Bisphenol A (BPA; 4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propan-2-yl], being an important industrial raw material, is a prevailing endocrine disruptor presenting a serious risk to human health and aquatic life. Classical Treatment methods are often inefficient or difficult to implement due to their persistent nature. Soybean peroxidase, being an iron-porphyrin-based metalloprotein, provides an efficient and eco-friendly alternative for degrading BPA. The present study involves purified soybean peroxidase (SBP) as a green catalyst to remove BPA from wastewater using response surface methodology (RSM) with six variables at five levels. The optimum conditions, which included 20 U/mL SBP, 30 mg/L H2O2, a 150-minute reaction time, 40 °C, and a pH of 7.0, resulted in 100% BPA mineralization, as confirmed by UV-Vis, HPLC, and LC-MS/MS. Kinetic analysis \(\:{V}_{max}\) = 28.6 µM/min and \(\:{K}_{m}\) = 13.01µM indicated high catalytic power and strong substrate affinity. The cytotoxicity study demonstrated a reduction in red blood cell (RBC) lysis from 47% to 3% of SBP-treated water. The phytotoxicity analysis revealed 0% (untreated wastewater) versus 100% (SBP-treated water) germination of wheat. This study established SBP as a cost-effective, sustainable, and eco-friendly biocatalyst for advanced and efficient treatment of micropollutants and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as BPA.

Graphical Abstract