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<p>Cotton Blue (CB) is a triphenylmethane dye widely used in the textile, biological staining, and paper industries, but its stable aromatic structure makes it nonbiodegradable and harmful to aquatic life. In this study, CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/bentonite nanocomposite was synthesized by green hydrothermal method using <i>Millettia ferruginea</i> leaf extract as a reducing and capping agent. Characterization of the nanocomposite was carried out with Uv-vis, FTIR, TGA, XRD, SEM, and EDS. The nanocomposite was found to be of 8.14&#xa0;nm average size with good thermal stability, with no appreciable loss of weight up to 900&#xa0;°C. Catalytic degradation of CB was assessed under several conditions with 50µL of 5% sodium hypochlorite for 20&#xa0;min. Maximum efficiency of degradation was 99.5% at a 15&#xa0;mg dose of catalyst, or equivalent to 0.3150&#xa0;min<sup>− 1</sup> of the rate constant. Optimum temperature was 45&#xa0;°C, resulting in a 0.2251&#xa0;min<sup>− 1</sup> rate constant. The reusability test revealed minimal loss of activity through four successive cycles, with efficiency decreasing gradually from 99.5% to 90.8%. Overall, the results demonstrate the capability of the hydrothermally green-synthesised CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite as a treatment agent for sustainable dye-containing wastewater.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Phyto-Engineered CoFe2O4/Bentonite Nanocomposites for Fenton-like Degradation of Cotton Blue in Water

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月30日

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  • Abrham Biresaw Gebrye,
  • Bewketu Mehari,
  • Minaleshewa Atlabachew,
  • Azanaw Girmaw Mengstu

摘要

Cotton Blue (CB) is a triphenylmethane dye widely used in the textile, biological staining, and paper industries, but its stable aromatic structure makes it nonbiodegradable and harmful to aquatic life. In this study, CoFe2O4/bentonite nanocomposite was synthesized by green hydrothermal method using Millettia ferruginea leaf extract as a reducing and capping agent. Characterization of the nanocomposite was carried out with Uv-vis, FTIR, TGA, XRD, SEM, and EDS. The nanocomposite was found to be of 8.14 nm average size with good thermal stability, with no appreciable loss of weight up to 900 °C. Catalytic degradation of CB was assessed under several conditions with 50µL of 5% sodium hypochlorite for 20 min. Maximum efficiency of degradation was 99.5% at a 15 mg dose of catalyst, or equivalent to 0.3150 min− 1 of the rate constant. Optimum temperature was 45 °C, resulting in a 0.2251 min− 1 rate constant. The reusability test revealed minimal loss of activity through four successive cycles, with efficiency decreasing gradually from 99.5% to 90.8%. Overall, the results demonstrate the capability of the hydrothermally green-synthesised CoFe2O4 nanocomposite as a treatment agent for sustainable dye-containing wastewater.

Graphical Abstract