<p>A phosphorylated imidazole-functionalized chloromethylated polystyrene carrier was synthesized by grafting phosphine–nitrogen ligands onto chloromethylated polystyrene resin, followed by coordination with rhodium metal. This approach provides a foundation for the design diversity of supported ligands. The catalytic activity of the prepared supported catalyst was evaluated in the hydroformylation reaction of 2,5-dihydrofuran (2,5-DHF). In this study, a series of phosphorylated imidazole-functionalized rhodium catalysts were successfully prepared and characterized using FT-IR Spectroscopy, TG, SEM, and XPS. The coordination relationships between the rhodium and the phosphorus and nitrogen species within the catalyst were confirmed. The conversion of 2,5-DHF reached 58.4%, with a selectivity of 97.1% for 3-formyltetrahydrofuran using Rh (CO)₂(acac)@PS-IM-PPh₂. Notably, product selectivity remained high after five cycles of catalyst use. The catalyst system was easily recoverable, and good selectivity was maintained across a range of substrates. The introduction of phosphine into the imidazole group of the organic polymer support creates a nitrogen-phosphine synergistic ligand. Furthermore, by linking a diverse array of substituents, various imidazole-based ionic phosphine ligands can be derived, providing a basis for the design diversity of supported ligands.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>