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<p>Using solar energy for H<sub>2</sub> production by photocatalytic water splitting is considered a green approach to replace heavily polluted steam methane reforming. Upon certain modification, Znln<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> (ZIS) has been considered as a promising candidate for H<sub>2</sub> production via water splitting. In this study, non-metal doping and the formation of heterostructure were applied to synthesize Mo<sub>2</sub>C (MC)/ZIS heterosystem and N-ZIS. Their H<sub>2</sub> evolution via water splitting was compared with TiO<sub>2</sub>. After determining the optimal photocatalyst, both generations of total gases and individual gases (i.e., H<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>) were maximized by studying different reaction conditions (i.e., photocatalyst concentration and type and dosage of sacrificial agent). Finally, the stability of the best photocatalyst at the optimal H<sub>2</sub> production conditions was investigated. Results show that the MC/ZIS was identified as the best photocatalyst. The optimal reaction conditions were determined to be: photocatalyst concentration of 0.015 wt%, methanol as the sacrificial agent, 20 vol% methanol dosage for 2&#xa0;h reaction time, producing the highest evolution of total gases of 22,024 µmol/g<sub>catalyst</sub>. It was also observed that the highest amount of H<sub>2</sub> evolution was obtained at 990 µmol/g<sub>catalyst</sub> at 0.104 wt% concentration of photocatalyst and using 20 vol% methanol as a sacrificial agent for 2&#xa0;h. For the stability of MC/ZIS, there were no considerable changes in the first two cycles. However, the amount of H<sub>2</sub> evolution was reduced by 26.78% after 3rd cycle. Overall, this study provides new insights into H<sub>2</sub> production via photocatalytic water splitting can be enhanced by forming a heterojunction system.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Enhancing Photocatalytic Water Splitting for H2 Production Over Znln2S4 Photocatalysts by Forming Heterostructure

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月16日

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  • Nasim Mia,
  • Yulin Hu

摘要

Using solar energy for H2 production by photocatalytic water splitting is considered a green approach to replace heavily polluted steam methane reforming. Upon certain modification, Znln2S4 (ZIS) has been considered as a promising candidate for H2 production via water splitting. In this study, non-metal doping and the formation of heterostructure were applied to synthesize Mo2C (MC)/ZIS heterosystem and N-ZIS. Their H2 evolution via water splitting was compared with TiO2. After determining the optimal photocatalyst, both generations of total gases and individual gases (i.e., H2 and CO2) were maximized by studying different reaction conditions (i.e., photocatalyst concentration and type and dosage of sacrificial agent). Finally, the stability of the best photocatalyst at the optimal H2 production conditions was investigated. Results show that the MC/ZIS was identified as the best photocatalyst. The optimal reaction conditions were determined to be: photocatalyst concentration of 0.015 wt%, methanol as the sacrificial agent, 20 vol% methanol dosage for 2 h reaction time, producing the highest evolution of total gases of 22,024 µmol/gcatalyst. It was also observed that the highest amount of H2 evolution was obtained at 990 µmol/gcatalyst at 0.104 wt% concentration of photocatalyst and using 20 vol% methanol as a sacrificial agent for 2 h. For the stability of MC/ZIS, there were no considerable changes in the first two cycles. However, the amount of H2 evolution was reduced by 26.78% after 3rd cycle. Overall, this study provides new insights into H2 production via photocatalytic water splitting can be enhanced by forming a heterojunction system.

Graphical Abstract