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<p>Current tendon procurement practices follow the American Association of Tissue Banks (AATB) standards (15th Edition). With increasing demand for tendon allografts in the United States, extending the post-mortem interval (PMI) could enhance tissue availability for transplantation. This study evaluates the effects of extending PMIs up to 36&#xa0;h on microbiological safety, tissue structure, and biomaterial properties of human peroneus longus (PL) tendon tissues, compared to current AATB standards. Our findings indicate that extending PMIs does not increase contamination risk, maintaining microbiological acceptability under extended warm ischemic conditions. Fixed charge density (FCD), an indicator of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, remained stable under extended PMIs and temperatures. Sirus red staining revealed a significant reduction in collagen intensity in warm tendons with extended PMIs, whereas cooling effectively preserved collagen content for up to 12&#xa0;h beyond the standard. This collagen reduction may contribute to a disorganized matrix structure, facilitating increased water infiltration and greater porosity in the warm groups compared to the cooled groups. As microbiological, biomaterial and mechanical integrity remained uncompromised, our results suggest that extending PMI by up to 12&#xa0;h, particularly under cooled conditions, is a viable approach to expanding the tendon donor pool for transplantation.</p>

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Impact of post-mortem time and temperature on microbiological safety, structural integrity, and biomaterial properties of human peroneus longus tendons

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

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  • Shangping Wang,
  • Peng Chen,
  • Dustin Mueller,
  • R. Glenn Hepfer,
  • Haiyang Ma,
  • Brooke Damon,
  • Lia Campbell,
  • Yongren Wu,
  • Alyce Linthurst Jones,
  • Kelvin G. M. Brockbank,
  • Hai Yao

摘要

Current tendon procurement practices follow the American Association of Tissue Banks (AATB) standards (15th Edition). With increasing demand for tendon allografts in the United States, extending the post-mortem interval (PMI) could enhance tissue availability for transplantation. This study evaluates the effects of extending PMIs up to 36 h on microbiological safety, tissue structure, and biomaterial properties of human peroneus longus (PL) tendon tissues, compared to current AATB standards. Our findings indicate that extending PMIs does not increase contamination risk, maintaining microbiological acceptability under extended warm ischemic conditions. Fixed charge density (FCD), an indicator of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, remained stable under extended PMIs and temperatures. Sirus red staining revealed a significant reduction in collagen intensity in warm tendons with extended PMIs, whereas cooling effectively preserved collagen content for up to 12 h beyond the standard. This collagen reduction may contribute to a disorganized matrix structure, facilitating increased water infiltration and greater porosity in the warm groups compared to the cooled groups. As microbiological, biomaterial and mechanical integrity remained uncompromised, our results suggest that extending PMI by up to 12 h, particularly under cooled conditions, is a viable approach to expanding the tendon donor pool for transplantation.