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<p>Children are especially vulnerable to and affected by adverse environments, including exposure to violence and victimization. This study aims to investigate the associations between cyberbullying involvement and adverse environmental factors at different levels. Particularly, we hypothesized that family material deprivation, school victimization, and community violence exposure were associated with cyberbullying perpetration and victimization. A sample of 1,255 rural children aged 11–17 in Hunan, China, was recruited. A series of logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between different adverse family, school, and community environments and cyberbullying victimization and perpetration among children, controlling for demographic factors, family structure, and the usage of social networks. In total, 33.9%, 15.0%, and 12.7% of the sample reported having experienced cyberbullying victimization, perpetration, and their co-occurrence in the past year, respectively. The results show that material deprivation and school victimization are significant risk factors for children’s involvement in cyberbullying, and controlling for these two factors, community violence exposure was significantly related to higher odds of both cyberbullying victimization (OR = 1.15, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and perpetration (OR = 1.14, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). These results indicate that cyberbullying results from factors operating in reciprocal ecological systems. In addition to adverse family and school environments, exposure to community violence also significantly increases children’s risks of cyberbullying involvement. Future prevention and early intervention programs for cyberbullying should enhance the role and involvement of community stakeholders.</p>

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Assessing the Links Between Exposure to Adverse Environments and Cyberbullying Perpetration and Victimization Among Chinese Rural Children

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月12日

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  • Huihui Gong,
  • Mengtong Chen,
  • Heying Huang,
  • Qiushi Zhou

摘要

Children are especially vulnerable to and affected by adverse environments, including exposure to violence and victimization. This study aims to investigate the associations between cyberbullying involvement and adverse environmental factors at different levels. Particularly, we hypothesized that family material deprivation, school victimization, and community violence exposure were associated with cyberbullying perpetration and victimization. A sample of 1,255 rural children aged 11–17 in Hunan, China, was recruited. A series of logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between different adverse family, school, and community environments and cyberbullying victimization and perpetration among children, controlling for demographic factors, family structure, and the usage of social networks. In total, 33.9%, 15.0%, and 12.7% of the sample reported having experienced cyberbullying victimization, perpetration, and their co-occurrence in the past year, respectively. The results show that material deprivation and school victimization are significant risk factors for children’s involvement in cyberbullying, and controlling for these two factors, community violence exposure was significantly related to higher odds of both cyberbullying victimization (OR = 1.15, p < 0.001) and perpetration (OR = 1.14, p < 0.001). These results indicate that cyberbullying results from factors operating in reciprocal ecological systems. In addition to adverse family and school environments, exposure to community violence also significantly increases children’s risks of cyberbullying involvement. Future prevention and early intervention programs for cyberbullying should enhance the role and involvement of community stakeholders.