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<p>This study examined the direct and indirect pathways from maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to child emotional distress through cognitive reappraisal and emotional well-being of 445 first-time mothers in Nigeria using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings reveal no direct relationship between maternal ACEs and child emotional distress (β = -0.022; <i>p</i> = 0.599). However, maternal ACEs were inversely associated with both maternal cognitive reappraisal and emotional well-being. Maternal emotional well-being showed a strong inverse relationship with child emotional distress (β = -0.847; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), suggesting its critical role in child outcomes. The analysis also highlighted significant indirect effects: maternal ACEs were associated with increased child emotional distress through reduced maternal emotional well-being (β = 0.401, CI = [0.615, 0.922], <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Additionally, the sequential pathway of maternal cognitive reappraisal and emotional well-being in the association between maternal ACEs on child emotional distress shows significance (β = -0.064, CI = [-0.187, -0.039], <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), with a notable reduction in child emotional distress. These results indicate full mediation, such that maternal cognitive reappraisal and emotional well-being function as a protective pathways that cushion the impact of maternal ACEs, attenuating the transmission of risk and thereby reducing the risk of child emotional distress. Notably, there are some variations in the outcomes based on child gender, suggesting differential effects of maternal factors on emotional distress in boys and girls. This study addresses the importance of supporting first-time mothers’ cognitive reappraisal and emotional well-being to mitigate the impact of ACEs on child emotional health.</p>

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Sequelae of First-Time Mothers’ Adverse Childhood Experiences on Child Emotional Distress Through Maternal Cognitive Reappraisal and Emotional Well-being: Child Gender Difference

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月19日

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  • Tosin Yinka Akintunde,
  • Stanley Oloji Isangha,
  • Temitayo K. Olurin

摘要

This study examined the direct and indirect pathways from maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to child emotional distress through cognitive reappraisal and emotional well-being of 445 first-time mothers in Nigeria using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings reveal no direct relationship between maternal ACEs and child emotional distress (β = -0.022; p = 0.599). However, maternal ACEs were inversely associated with both maternal cognitive reappraisal and emotional well-being. Maternal emotional well-being showed a strong inverse relationship with child emotional distress (β = -0.847; p < 0.001), suggesting its critical role in child outcomes. The analysis also highlighted significant indirect effects: maternal ACEs were associated with increased child emotional distress through reduced maternal emotional well-being (β = 0.401, CI = [0.615, 0.922], p < 0.001). Additionally, the sequential pathway of maternal cognitive reappraisal and emotional well-being in the association between maternal ACEs on child emotional distress shows significance (β = -0.064, CI = [-0.187, -0.039], p < 0.01), with a notable reduction in child emotional distress. These results indicate full mediation, such that maternal cognitive reappraisal and emotional well-being function as a protective pathways that cushion the impact of maternal ACEs, attenuating the transmission of risk and thereby reducing the risk of child emotional distress. Notably, there are some variations in the outcomes based on child gender, suggesting differential effects of maternal factors on emotional distress in boys and girls. This study addresses the importance of supporting first-time mothers’ cognitive reappraisal and emotional well-being to mitigate the impact of ACEs on child emotional health.