<p>The article reviews methodological approaches to predictive assessment of the impact of processes of deasphalting and adsorption purification of heavy oils and native asphalts, differing in chemical type, on the yield and quality of the end products as well as of the feasibility of their further use in the oil refining industry. It was found that more than 20 wt. % of the compounds of heavy oils and native asphalts present in fractions distilling off above 350 °C are key components of base mineral oils. These components are characterized by high viscosity indices and low solid points, which makes them valuable for production of lubricants. Also found are correlations that permit prediction of the basic physicochemical properties of mineral oils derived from different types of heavy oils based on refractive index, which indicates the degree of their adsorption purification.</p>