<p>During the process of coalbed methane extraction, the drill string is subjected to significant backing pressure, leading to a reduction in drilling efficiency. However, previous studies have demonstrated that the application of axial vibration excitation during drilling operations can mitigate friction and increase the elongation of the drill string. This paper establishes a mechanical model of the drill string with axial vibration tools during horizontal directional drilling in coal mines through discrete components. Considering the nonlinearity of friction and the boundary conditions and initial conditions of the system during actual drilling, the differential equations of motion of the system are obtained and numerically solved using the Runge-Kutta method. The behavior of the system with axial vibration tools during horizontal drilling is further analyzed. Finally, the effect of several factors on system behavior and axial vibration drag reduction effect is discussed. The research results indicate that the drilling process of a horizontal drilling system with axial vibration tools is mainly divided into four stages compared to traditional systems. The drag reduction effect of a single drag reducing vibrator gradually weakens with the drilling depth increases. Increasing the amplitude of the excitation force can reduce the axial friction force, thereby increasing the drag reduction effect. Although a small change in frequency has little effect on the drag reduction effect, there is still an optimal value within the range.</p>