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Background <p>Esophageal cancer remains a major public health concern, yet data on its long-term burden in Xiamen, China, are limited. This study assessed incidence, mortality, survival rates, and their temporal trends from 2011 to 2020.</p> Methods <p>Population-based cancer registry data were analyzed for all newly diagnosed esophageal cancer cases in Xiamen between 2011 and 2020, with follow-up through September 2023. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates (ASIR, ASMR) were calculated using Segi’s world population. Relative survival (RS) and age-standardized relative survival (ARS) were estimated using registry follow-up data. Trends were evaluated using Joinpoint regression.</p> Results <p>A total of 5,318 incident cases and 4,445 deaths were recorded. The ASIR and ASMR were 18.96 and 15.61 per 100,000, respectively, with significantly higher rates in males and in rural areas. Both incidence (AAPC = −&#xa0;4.20%, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and mortality (AAPC = −&#xa0;5.07%, <i>p</i> = 0.024) declined over the study period. The 5-year ARS was 19.2% (95% CI 17.9–20.5%), higher in females than males (28.2% vs. 17.7%), but comparable between urban and rural residents. Yearly survival rates fluctuated without a significant upward trend.</p> Conclusions <p>From 2011 to 2020, esophageal cancer incidence and mortality in Xiamen declined, but survival rates remained low. The persistent burden highlights the need for strengthened prevention, early detection, and cost-effective treatment strategies, particularly for high-risk populations.</p>

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Epidemiology of esophageal cancer in Xiamen, China, 2011–2020: trends in incidence, mortality, and survival from a population-based registry study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月3日

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  • Haixia Zhang,
  • Youlan Chen,
  • Yilan Lin,
  • Jiahuang Chi,
  • Yanqi Lan,
  • Qun Lou,
  • Ahua Wu,
  • Zhinan Guo

摘要

Background

Esophageal cancer remains a major public health concern, yet data on its long-term burden in Xiamen, China, are limited. This study assessed incidence, mortality, survival rates, and their temporal trends from 2011 to 2020.

Methods

Population-based cancer registry data were analyzed for all newly diagnosed esophageal cancer cases in Xiamen between 2011 and 2020, with follow-up through September 2023. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates (ASIR, ASMR) were calculated using Segi’s world population. Relative survival (RS) and age-standardized relative survival (ARS) were estimated using registry follow-up data. Trends were evaluated using Joinpoint regression.

Results

A total of 5,318 incident cases and 4,445 deaths were recorded. The ASIR and ASMR were 18.96 and 15.61 per 100,000, respectively, with significantly higher rates in males and in rural areas. Both incidence (AAPC = − 4.20%, p = 0.001) and mortality (AAPC = − 5.07%, p = 0.024) declined over the study period. The 5-year ARS was 19.2% (95% CI 17.9–20.5%), higher in females than males (28.2% vs. 17.7%), but comparable between urban and rural residents. Yearly survival rates fluctuated without a significant upward trend.

Conclusions

From 2011 to 2020, esophageal cancer incidence and mortality in Xiamen declined, but survival rates remained low. The persistent burden highlights the need for strengthened prevention, early detection, and cost-effective treatment strategies, particularly for high-risk populations.