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<p>Though older women may choose entrepreneurship as a way to escape discrimination in the labor market, they may face other forms of discrimination in the entrepreneurial domain. Drawing on intersectionality theory, we posit that older women encounter amplified discrimination due to the stereotype-consistent implications from gender and age norms, namely gendered ageism. Using 815,428 individual observations pooled across country–year surveys from 56 countries between 2009 and 2018, we found that older women were least likely to enter entrepreneurship. And this intersectional disadvantage could be mitigated by weakening the normative exclusion and possessing resource endowments that signal capability. However, strategies focused on altering self-cognition—often effective against single-axis discrimination—appeared insufficient. Our study contributes to the literature on stereotype interventions, intersectionality theory and business ethics.</p>

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One Size Doesn’t Fit All: Navigating Gendered Ageism in Older Women’s Entry into Entrepreneurship

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

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  • Yanying Chen,
  • Zijie Song,
  • Hanqing Chevy Fang

摘要

Though older women may choose entrepreneurship as a way to escape discrimination in the labor market, they may face other forms of discrimination in the entrepreneurial domain. Drawing on intersectionality theory, we posit that older women encounter amplified discrimination due to the stereotype-consistent implications from gender and age norms, namely gendered ageism. Using 815,428 individual observations pooled across country–year surveys from 56 countries between 2009 and 2018, we found that older women were least likely to enter entrepreneurship. And this intersectional disadvantage could be mitigated by weakening the normative exclusion and possessing resource endowments that signal capability. However, strategies focused on altering self-cognition—often effective against single-axis discrimination—appeared insufficient. Our study contributes to the literature on stereotype interventions, intersectionality theory and business ethics.