<p>Virtue ethics (VE), a cornerstone of business ethics, faces tension between maintaining its classical roots and adapting to contemporary challenges, amid diverse and evolving interpretations. This research investigates the extent to which the virtue ethics literature in business, finance, and management (BFM) engages with its traditional conceptual foundations while expanding into new domains and areas of application. Our objectives are threefold: (1) to conceptually map VE in BFM by identifying thematic clusters, theoretical frameworks, and both established and emerging themes; (2) to examine the evolution of VE in BFM, evaluating its fidelity to or divergence from Aristotelian principles—namely character, moral development, and practical wisdom—to determine whether current research sustains or reinvents VE; and (3) to identify research gaps and propose directions for future inquiry. We employ a bibliometric and systematic literature review of 295 peer-reviewed articles published between 2012 and 2024, drawn from the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) of the Web of Science. Our methodological approach integrates performance analysis, science mapping, and qualitative content analysis. The findings reveal 17 sub-themes grouped into five major thematic clusters: (1) The moral purpose of business; (2) Virtues and ethical decision-making; (3) Virtues and leadership; (4) Practical wisdom in Eastern and Western traditions; and (5) Goods–virtues–practices–institutions for communities of practice. This study provides a structured thematic map of the VE literature, offering insights into the extent of its conceptual continuity or transformation. We conclude by addressing limitations and suggesting avenues for future research.</p>