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<p>We analyze direct measurements of velocity and temperature fluctuations in the surface layer of air, obtained in extensive sandy areas of the Kalmykia desert in 2022–2023, under conditions of weak winds and intense surface heating. The temperature and velocity fluctuations were measured at six levels at heights between 0.1 and 1&#xa0;m. For different time scales we identified ramp structures known for measurements at higher levels. The statistical properties of temperature and velocity fluctuations depend on the solar radiation and the inhomogeneity of surface heating under natural aeolian relief conditions. Typical temperature and velocity distributions are asymmetric and associated with the passage of convective plumes. This manifests itself in the anisotropic properties observed for higher-order structural functions. Bimodal distributions were observed with significant surface heating and temperature inversion combined with the appearance of shadows on the surface. In addition to the “−&#xa0;5/3” temperature and velocity spectra, a “−&#xa0;1” slope is observed at low frequencies.</p>

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Convective-Turbulent Structures Over a Natural Heated Surface

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月24日

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  • Elena A. Malinovskaya,
  • Otto G. Chkhetiani,
  • Evgeny B. Gledzer,
  • Genrikh V. Azizyan

摘要

We analyze direct measurements of velocity and temperature fluctuations in the surface layer of air, obtained in extensive sandy areas of the Kalmykia desert in 2022–2023, under conditions of weak winds and intense surface heating. The temperature and velocity fluctuations were measured at six levels at heights between 0.1 and 1 m. For different time scales we identified ramp structures known for measurements at higher levels. The statistical properties of temperature and velocity fluctuations depend on the solar radiation and the inhomogeneity of surface heating under natural aeolian relief conditions. Typical temperature and velocity distributions are asymmetric and associated with the passage of convective plumes. This manifests itself in the anisotropic properties observed for higher-order structural functions. Bimodal distributions were observed with significant surface heating and temperature inversion combined with the appearance of shadows on the surface. In addition to the “− 5/3” temperature and velocity spectra, a “− 1” slope is observed at low frequencies.