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<p>This study investigates turbulent channel flow with condensation at a friction Reynolds number of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10546_2025_911_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="75" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Re_*=590\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mmultiscripts> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> <mo>=</mo> <mn>590</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, focusing on the influence of longwave radiation on fog formation. Two setups are analyzed: one incorporating ground cooling without direct radiative effects, and the other including cooling due to longwave radiation emitted by the fog. The cooling rate and radiative coefficient are varied independently to assess their impacts. In scenarios with excessive ground cooling, turbulence is suppressed, leading to laminarization and delayed condensation higher up. Additionally, longwave radiation is found to either invigorate or dampen turbulence dynamics, depending on the radiative coefficients. At high radiative coefficients, longwave radiation counterbalances ground cooling effects, producing uniform temperature profiles that drive fog formation. These findings underscore the critical role of longwave radiation in atmospheric dynamics.</p>

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Direct Numerical Simulation of Fog Formation with Turbulence and Longwave Radiation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月24日

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  • Deng Liu,
  • John Cater,
  • Christina Dunker,
  • Michael MacDonald

摘要

This study investigates turbulent channel flow with condensation at a friction Reynolds number of \(Re_*=590\) R e ∗ = 590 , focusing on the influence of longwave radiation on fog formation. Two setups are analyzed: one incorporating ground cooling without direct radiative effects, and the other including cooling due to longwave radiation emitted by the fog. The cooling rate and radiative coefficient are varied independently to assess their impacts. In scenarios with excessive ground cooling, turbulence is suppressed, leading to laminarization and delayed condensation higher up. Additionally, longwave radiation is found to either invigorate or dampen turbulence dynamics, depending on the radiative coefficients. At high radiative coefficients, longwave radiation counterbalances ground cooling effects, producing uniform temperature profiles that drive fog formation. These findings underscore the critical role of longwave radiation in atmospheric dynamics.