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<p>Plant-based iron oxide nanoparticles (PIONs) were evaluated for regulating arsenic (As) stress responses and detoxification mechanisms in maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) under controlled conditions. A 40-day pot experiment was conducted using washed sand supplemented at sowing with sodium arsenate (30&#xa0;mg As kg⁻<sup>1</sup>) and foliar PIONs green-synthesized using <i>Pinus roxburghii</i> needle extract (100, 300, and 500&#xa0;mg L⁻<sup>1</sup>; three sprays at weekly intervals). PIONs improved maize growth and physiology, increasing root length from 23.77&#xa0;cm (control) to &gt; 34&#xa0;cm at the highest PION dose and enhancing chlorophyll a and b to 0.85 and 1.75&#xa0;mg&#xa0;g⁻<sup>1</sup> FW, respectively. PIONs also elevated stress metabolites (proline, soluble sugars, amino acids, phenolics) and antioxidant enzymes (APX, CAT, POD, SOD), indicating strengthened redox regulation. A key finding was the dual effect of PIONs on As accumulation: PIONs alone increased tissue As, with root As rising from 1.60 to 2.70&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg⁻<sup>1</sup> (+ 68.8%) and leaf As from 0.35 to 1.00&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg⁻<sup>1</sup> (+ 185.7%) at 500&#xa0;mg L⁻<sup>1</sup>, whereas under As stress the combined treatment (As + 500&#xa0;mg L⁻<sup>1</sup> PIONs) reduced As relative to PION-only plants by 33.3% in roots (2.70 → 1.80&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg⁻<sup>1</sup>) and 58.0% in leaves (1.00 → 0.42&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg⁻<sup>1</sup>). Overall, PIONs enhanced maize performance and moderated As bioaccumulation under arsenic stress, supporting their potential as a sustainable nano-enabled approach for arsenic-affected systems.</p>

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Modulation of arsenic uptake and detoxification in maize (Zea mays L.) by plant-based iron oxide nanoparticles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月25日

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  • Tauseef Anwar,
  • Huma Qureshi,
  • Muhammad Imran,
  • Hossam S. El-Beltagi,
  • Salohiddinjon Yunusov,
  • Shuqurillo Ziyadov,
  • Muydinjon M. Muminov,
  • Gamal Awad El-Shaboury,
  • Dilbar Bazarbayeva,
  • Ibtisam M. Alsudays,
  • Khalid H. Alamer,
  • Munisa Bekmukhamedova,
  • Bakhrom Jobborov,
  • Muneera A. Saleh

摘要

Plant-based iron oxide nanoparticles (PIONs) were evaluated for regulating arsenic (As) stress responses and detoxification mechanisms in maize (Zea mays L.) under controlled conditions. A 40-day pot experiment was conducted using washed sand supplemented at sowing with sodium arsenate (30 mg As kg⁻1) and foliar PIONs green-synthesized using Pinus roxburghii needle extract (100, 300, and 500 mg L⁻1; three sprays at weekly intervals). PIONs improved maize growth and physiology, increasing root length from 23.77 cm (control) to > 34 cm at the highest PION dose and enhancing chlorophyll a and b to 0.85 and 1.75 mg g⁻1 FW, respectively. PIONs also elevated stress metabolites (proline, soluble sugars, amino acids, phenolics) and antioxidant enzymes (APX, CAT, POD, SOD), indicating strengthened redox regulation. A key finding was the dual effect of PIONs on As accumulation: PIONs alone increased tissue As, with root As rising from 1.60 to 2.70 mg kg⁻1 (+ 68.8%) and leaf As from 0.35 to 1.00 mg kg⁻1 (+ 185.7%) at 500 mg L⁻1, whereas under As stress the combined treatment (As + 500 mg L⁻1 PIONs) reduced As relative to PION-only plants by 33.3% in roots (2.70 → 1.80 mg kg⁻1) and 58.0% in leaves (1.00 → 0.42 mg kg⁻1). Overall, PIONs enhanced maize performance and moderated As bioaccumulation under arsenic stress, supporting their potential as a sustainable nano-enabled approach for arsenic-affected systems.