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<p>The Indian Roofed Turtle (<i>Pangshura tecta</i>) is a threatened and underexplored freshwater species endemic to the Indian subcontinent. To protect this species in wild, a proper scientific intervention using a multifaceted approach of genetic and ecological insights is crucial. The study assembled the novel mitogenome of <i>P. tecta</i> (16,732&#xa0;bp) using next-generation sequencing, which revealed typical vertebrate gene content and strand symmetry consistent with other Testudines. Notably, the control region displays a unique structural configuration characterized by conserved domains, distinct nucleotide deletions, and variable tandem repeats compared to other Batagurinae taxa. The phylogenetic analyses employing Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood, based on 13 concatenated protein-coding genes, reveal a sister relationship between <i>P. tecta</i> and <i>P. tentoria</i>, thereby corroborating the matrilineal evolutionary history and the monophyletic grouping of Batagurinae. In addition, population genetic and haplotypic analyses based on <i>COI</i> and <i>Cytb</i> genes revealed minimal intraspecific genetic divergence (1.12% and 0.68%) and the presence of shared haplotypes, indicating a substantial reduction of genetic diversity across different river basins within the native range of <i>P. tecta</i>. Furthermore, the ensemble species distribution modelling (SDM) identified that 134,791&#xa0;km² (10.83%) of the IUCN-defined extent is currently suitable habitat of this species. However, projections under future climate scenarios predict a substantial reduction in suitable habitat exceeding 60% with the most pronounced losses in the Narmada basin (50.86%–74.77%) and the Indus-Ganges-Brahmaputra-Mahanadi basin (64.85%–72.47%). This climate-driven contraction is likely to exacerbate habitat fragmentation, posing significant threats to the persistence of viable populations. Overall, the integration of complete mitogenomic data, partial gene-based population genetics, and ecological niche modelling provides a comprehensive framework to elucidate the evolutionary trajectory, current phylogeographic structure, and ecological vulnerability of <i>P. tecta</i>. Such a holistic approach enhances the understanding of the species biology and corroborates evidence-based conservation strategies across its native range in the Indian subcontinent.</p>

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From past to future: matrilineal evolutionary history, genetic diversity and habitat dynamics of the vulnerable Indian roofed turtle (Pangshura tecta) in South Asia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月23日

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  • Imon Abedin,
  • Hye-Eun Kang,
  • Arunima Singh,
  • Jayaditya Purakayastha,
  • Shailendra Singh,
  • Hyun-Woo Kim,
  • Shantanu Kundu

摘要

The Indian Roofed Turtle (Pangshura tecta) is a threatened and underexplored freshwater species endemic to the Indian subcontinent. To protect this species in wild, a proper scientific intervention using a multifaceted approach of genetic and ecological insights is crucial. The study assembled the novel mitogenome of P. tecta (16,732 bp) using next-generation sequencing, which revealed typical vertebrate gene content and strand symmetry consistent with other Testudines. Notably, the control region displays a unique structural configuration characterized by conserved domains, distinct nucleotide deletions, and variable tandem repeats compared to other Batagurinae taxa. The phylogenetic analyses employing Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood, based on 13 concatenated protein-coding genes, reveal a sister relationship between P. tecta and P. tentoria, thereby corroborating the matrilineal evolutionary history and the monophyletic grouping of Batagurinae. In addition, population genetic and haplotypic analyses based on COI and Cytb genes revealed minimal intraspecific genetic divergence (1.12% and 0.68%) and the presence of shared haplotypes, indicating a substantial reduction of genetic diversity across different river basins within the native range of P. tecta. Furthermore, the ensemble species distribution modelling (SDM) identified that 134,791 km² (10.83%) of the IUCN-defined extent is currently suitable habitat of this species. However, projections under future climate scenarios predict a substantial reduction in suitable habitat exceeding 60% with the most pronounced losses in the Narmada basin (50.86%–74.77%) and the Indus-Ganges-Brahmaputra-Mahanadi basin (64.85%–72.47%). This climate-driven contraction is likely to exacerbate habitat fragmentation, posing significant threats to the persistence of viable populations. Overall, the integration of complete mitogenomic data, partial gene-based population genetics, and ecological niche modelling provides a comprehensive framework to elucidate the evolutionary trajectory, current phylogeographic structure, and ecological vulnerability of P. tecta. Such a holistic approach enhances the understanding of the species biology and corroborates evidence-based conservation strategies across its native range in the Indian subcontinent.