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<p>The scale dependence of diversity implies that latitudinal diversity patterns observed at one scale cannot be directly extrapolated to another without careful consideration. Species–area relationships (SARs) are a valuable tool for measuring diversity across scales. Using SARs derived from 415 nested circular forest plots in the temperate forests of northeastern China, we quantified species accumulation rate and species density through SAR parameters and examined their latitudinal patterns. Additionally, we assessed the effects of environmental factors and biotic interactions on SAR parameters, applying the same methodologies across three eco-climatic regions within the study area to investigate potential regional variations. Our results revealed a decreasing species accumulation rate with increasing latitude. Although species density increased with latitude, its limited scale underscores the importance of careful scale selection in diversity measurement and extrapolation. Environmental factors, such as water availability and soil water-holding capacity, and biotic factors, including competition and mutualistic interactions, had positive effects on species accumulation rate. Furthermore, biotic interactions were the primary drivers in lower-latitude regions, whereas environmental factors played a dominant role in higher-latitude regions. These findings underscore the necessity of considering both scale and regional variations when analyzing diversity, developing conservation strategies, and creating management guidelines.</p>

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Effects of abiotic and biotic factors on latitudinal diversity patterns of tree species in temperate forests

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月13日

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  • Shuhui Liu,
  • Minhui Hao,
  • Juan Wang,
  • Xuetao Qiao,
  • Zhonghui Zhang,
  • Chunyu Zhang,
  • Xiuhai Zhao

摘要

The scale dependence of diversity implies that latitudinal diversity patterns observed at one scale cannot be directly extrapolated to another without careful consideration. Species–area relationships (SARs) are a valuable tool for measuring diversity across scales. Using SARs derived from 415 nested circular forest plots in the temperate forests of northeastern China, we quantified species accumulation rate and species density through SAR parameters and examined their latitudinal patterns. Additionally, we assessed the effects of environmental factors and biotic interactions on SAR parameters, applying the same methodologies across three eco-climatic regions within the study area to investigate potential regional variations. Our results revealed a decreasing species accumulation rate with increasing latitude. Although species density increased with latitude, its limited scale underscores the importance of careful scale selection in diversity measurement and extrapolation. Environmental factors, such as water availability and soil water-holding capacity, and biotic factors, including competition and mutualistic interactions, had positive effects on species accumulation rate. Furthermore, biotic interactions were the primary drivers in lower-latitude regions, whereas environmental factors played a dominant role in higher-latitude regions. These findings underscore the necessity of considering both scale and regional variations when analyzing diversity, developing conservation strategies, and creating management guidelines.